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Emergy Evaluation of Environmental Alternatives

Explore the concept of Emergy in evaluating environmental choices like water supply, tourism, and waste treatment for wise investments. Learn to assess the worth of resources beyond monetary value.

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Emergy Evaluation of Environmental Alternatives

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  1. Emergy Evaluation of Environmental Alternatives Restoration, Uses of environment, management, alternative investments

  2. The use of Emergy to evaluate environmental alternatives

  3. Two Views of Value... ...the worth, importance, or usefulness of something ...to rate something according to its perceived worth, importance, or usefulness 1. Value is in the eyes of the beholder 2. Value is derived from what goes into something Receiver value Donor value

  4. Units of EMERGY... Solar emergy joules… or Solar emjoules… or “sej” Because joules are so small…(it takes 4186 of them to equal 1 kilogram calorie) the units we deal with are typically 1012 (E12) and higher

  5. EmDollars… the money equivalent of emergy. By using a standard conversion factor, we can express emergy in dollar equivalents… In the same way as we could express dollars in energy equivalents..ie gallons of gas for instance $1 today = 0.66 gallons or $1 = 8.7 E7 joules

  6. Total Emergy Use Gross Domestic Product = 1.0 E12 sej/dollar Emdollars of the US Economy So... Every dollar spent in US economy has “embodied” in it, 1 E 12 sej of emergy

  7. 3.6 E18 sej/yr 1.0 E12 sej/$ = 3.6 E6 em$ Express emergy as Emdollars for ease of recognition... An emergy input of 3.6 E18 sej/yr… becomes... 3.6 E6 Em$

  8. Comparison of Development Alternatives

  9. Emergy Evaluation of Water Supply

  10. The global water cycle... showing its economic use and the resulting circulation of money.

  11. A case study of water supply alternatives proposed for Windhoek, Namibia. Emergy evaluation of the alternatives suggests that the use of aquifer water is preferable to using water from the Kavango River because of the likely downstream environmental impacts to the Okavango Delta wetlands and wildlife.

  12. Map of the study area showing the water supply alternatives

  13. Alternative 1

  14. Alternative 2

  15. Alternative 3

  16. Emergy indices help in decision making by providing information “outside of traditional economic analysis

  17. Emergy Evaluation of Tourism

  18. Using data from tourism development in Mexico and Papua New Guinea…. • the concept of carrying capacity is related to intensity of development, environmental support area, and the “fit” of economic development in local environments and economies.

  19. Emergy valuation of international trade resulting from money income from tourism...

  20. Emergy Evaluation of Paper Waste Treatment Alternatives

  21. II. Emergy Evaluation of Fenholloway River Restoration Paper Waste Treatment Alternatives

  22. Study Area showing Fenholloway River and affected areas

  23. Alternative waste disposal from paper mill in Taylor County Fl

  24. Alternative 2: Pipe to headwaters Alternative 1 : pipeline to Gulf Alternative 3: Wetland slough to Gulf

  25. Alternative 1: Pipeline to Gulf

  26. Alternative 2: Pipe to headwaters

  27. Alternative 3: Wetland slough to Gulf

  28. SUMMARY…. Million em$ per year Alternative Empower Costs Benefit-Cost Benefit* Em$/yr $/year Em$ - $ Fenholloway River, existing - 15.1 -? <-15.1 Pipe to estuary - 13.4 -3.0 -16.4 Recycle uphill into pine lands +17.0 -4.8 +12.2 Constructed wetland strand +13.5 -1.7 +11.8 *Emergy increases minus emergy losses

  29. Emergy Evaluation of Power Plant Cooling Alternatives

  30. Map showing the Crystal River Power Plant, estuarine areas and intake and discharge canals.

  31. Summary of emergy evaluation of costs

  32. Comparison of cooling towers and bay cooling

  33. Emergy Evaluation of Development Alternatives in the Sea of Cortez, Mex.

  34. Study Area…Sea of Cortez

  35. Changes in the Colorado River Discharge to the Sea of Cortez

  36. Number of Shrimp trawlers increased rapidly because of Government subsidies...

  37. The Sea of Cortez

  38. The Sea of Cortez

  39. Summary of Shrimp Evaluation

  40. Summary diagram of Trade

  41. III. Emergy Evaluation of Oklawaha River Restoration …or why it won’t happen in our lifetime.

  42. Cross Florida Barge Canal and the Rodman Reservoir Rodman Dam...

  43. History of the Cross Florida Barge Canal • 1935 - Construction began and was suspended later that year. • 1942 - Construction resumed • 1962 - Economic Restudy by ACOE, fight to halt the project began • 1970 - EDF and other plaintiffs filed suit • 1971 - Construction halted by district court, Nixon signed an executive order suspending work. • 1972 - Governor and cabinet rescinded support • 1979 - Efforts to seek federal deauthorization began • 1986 - Congress passes a deauthorization bill contingent on Florida passing implementing legislation • 1990 - State and federal governments deauthorize the canal.

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