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Noradrenaline or Norepinephrine

Noradrenaline or Norepinephrine. By: Tessa Loewen 1 st hr. Noradrenaline Production Site. Noradrenaline is produced in the adrenal medulla. Target Cell. Noradrenaline interacts with alpha and beta receptors on the plasma membrane. Cause of Hormone Production.

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Noradrenaline or Norepinephrine

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  1. Noradrenalineor Norepinephrine By: Tessa Loewen 1st hr.

  2. Noradrenaline Production Site Noradrenaline is produced in the adrenal medulla.

  3. Target Cell Noradrenaline interacts with alpha and beta receptors on the plasma membrane.

  4. Cause of Hormone Production The hormone is continuously released at low levels by exocytosis. Simpathetic stimulation, or “fight-or-flight,” accelerates the rate of exocytosis.

  5. When Most Active During the “fight-or-flight” response, noradrenaline is produced at a faster rate. It reaches its peak after thirty seconds of the adrenal stimulation.

  6. Hormone Structure Tyrosine derivative

  7. Target Cell Entry The hormone enters the target cell packaged in vesicles that form dense clusters just inside the plasma membranes.

  8. Typical Blood Content 0-600 pg/ml (picograms per milliliter)

  9. Body Response Stimulation of the target cells speeds up the use of cellular energy and the mobilization of energy reserves. Activation of the adrenal medulla has the following effects: • In skeletal muscles the hormone mobilizes glycogen reserves and accelerates the breakdown of glucose to provide ATP. This increases both muscular strength and endurance. • In adipose tissue, stored fats are broken down into fatty acids, which are released into the bloodstream for other tissues to use for ATP production. • In the liver, glycogen molecules are broken down. The resulting glucose molecules are released into the bloodstream. • In the heart, the stimulation triggers an increase in the rate and force of cardiac muscle contraction.

  10. Atypical Disorders or Symptoms Too little: can cause one to be lethargic, drowsy, and to have chronic depression Too much: can cause nervousness, racing thoughts, cold hands and feet, and high blood pressure

  11. Atypical Amounts Too much Too little

  12. Sythetical Replacement Norepinephrine can by synthetically replaced through drugs called: Levophed, Dexedrine, Ritalin, and Adderall.

  13. Atypical Medical Treatment Too little: One can take noradrenaline drugs (sythetic) Too much: One can have a test for blood content and get advised by a doctor.

  14. Works Cited • http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-noradrenaline.htm • http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003561.htm • http://www.duskyswondersite.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/sleep-18.jpg • http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BXqfa0SKnCs/T0k-GyRSwnI/AAAAAAABjHg/_qcaBAbovXs/s1600/img119.jpg • http://session.masteringaandp.com/myct/courseHome?start=1

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