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Understanding Personality: The Key to Self-Discovery

Delve into the depths of personality traits, theories, and assessments with this insightful overview covering psychoanalytic, humanistic, and social-cognitive perspectives. Learn about the Big Five traits and how they impact behavior, along with essential characteristics of a successful manager. Uncover the complexities of the mind and explore the fascinating world of personality assessment methods.

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Understanding Personality: The Key to Self-Discovery

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  1. PERSONALITY PRESENTED BY ZAKIR HUSSAIN

  2. What is Personality? • People differ from • each other in meaningful ways • People seem to show some consistency in behavior Personality is defined as distinctive and relatively enduring ways of thinking, feeling, and acting. • Personalityrefers to a person’s unique and relatively stable pattern of thoughts, feelings, and actions. • Personality is an interaction between biology and environment.

  3. Four Theories of Personality 1.Trait (specific dimensions of personality) 2.Psychoanalytic( unconscious motivations) 3.Humanistic(inner capacity for growth) 4.Social-Cognitive(influence of environment)

  4. Personality Traits • Traits are relatively stable and consistent personal characteristics • Trait personality theories suggest that a person can be described on the basis of some number of personality traits • Allport identified some 4,500 traits • Cattel used factor analysis to identify 30-35 basic traits • Eysenck argued there are 3 distinct traits in personality • Extraversion/introversion • Neuroticism • Psychotocism Allport

  5. Overview of the Big “5” • Calm/Anxious • Secure/Insecure Emotional Stability • Sociable/Retiring • Fun Loving/Sober Extraversion Openness • Imaginative/Practical • Independent/Conforming • Soft-Hearted/Ruthless • Trusting/Suspicious Agreeableness • Organized/Disorganized • Careful/Careless Conscientiousness

  6. Assessing Traits: An Example • Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) • the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality tests • developed to identify emotional disorders MMPI: examples • Nothing in the newspaper interests me except the comics.” • “I get angry sometimes.”

  7. Psychoanalytic Theory • Psychoanalytic theory, as devised by Freud, attempts to explain personality on the basis of unconscious mental forces • Structures of Personality • Id • Operates according to the “pleasure principle” • Ego • Operates according to the “reality” principle • Superego • Contains values and ideals • Levels of consciousness • Conscious • What we’re aware of • Preconscious • Memories etc. that can be recalled • Unconscious • Wishes, feelings, impulses that lies beyond awareness

  8. Unconscious below the surface (thoughts, feelings, wishes, memories) The Unconscious “ The mind is like an iceburg – Mostly hidden” Conscious Awareness small part above surface (Preconscious) Repression banishing unacceptable thoughts & passions to unconscious Dreams & Slips

  9. Super Ego Ego Id Freud & Personality Structure Id - energy constantly striving to satisfy basic drives Pleasure Principle Ego - seeks to gratify the Id in realistic ways Reality Principle Super Ego - voice of conscience that focuses on how we ought to behave

  10. Humanistic Theory • Humanistic personality theories reject psychoanalytic notions • Humanistic theories view each person as basically good and that people are striving for self-fulfillment • Humanistic theory argues that people carry a perception of themselves and of the world • The goal for a humanist is to develop/promote a positive self-concept • Carl Rogers • We have needs for: • Self-consistency (absence of conflict between self-perceptions • Congruence (consistency between self-perceptions and experience) • People with low self-esteem generally have poor congruence between their self-concepts and life experiences.

  11. Humanistic Perspectives • Abraham Maslow emphasized the basic goodness of human nature and a natural tendency toward self-actualization.

  12. Social-Cognitive Perspective Behavior learned through conditioning & observation What we think about our situation affects our behavior Interaction of Environment & Intellect

  13. Locus of Control • Internal locus of control • You pretty much control your own destiny • External locus of control • Luck, chance, and powerful others control behavior

  14. 10 Good Traits and Characteristics of a Successful Manager 1.SELF MOTIVATION. 2. GREAT CUTOMER SERVICES SKILLS. 3.INTERGRITY AND TRUTHWORTHINESS. 4. BEING A TEAM PLAYER. 5.CONFLICT RESOLUTION ABILITIES. 6. KNOWLEDGE OF THE INDUSTRY. 7.DEPENDABILITY. 8. ABILITY TO REMAIN CALM. 9. OPTIMISTIC ATTITUDE. 10. LEADER-SHIP SKILLS.

  15. Thank You

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