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Descriptive Statistics

Dive into the world of descriptive statistics, from measures of central tendency to relationships between variables. Learn about organizing data using frequency distributions, graphical presentations, and interpreting measures like mean, mode, median, and standard deviation.

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Descriptive Statistics

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  1. Descriptive Statistics

  2. Parameters: a word used to indicate numerical characteristics of populations. • Statistics: a word used to indicate numerical characteristics of samples.

  3. Two broad classifications of statistics: • Descriptive: statistics that organize and summarize numerical data gathered from populations and samples. • Inferential: concerned with populations and use sample data to make an inference about a population

  4. Descriptive statistics: • Methods to categorize descriptive statistics: • 1. Measures to condense data • 2. Measures of central tendency • 3. Measures of variability • 4. Measures of relationships

  5. 1. Measures to condense data: • Frequency distributions: Symmetrical and non symmetrical (positively skewed and negatively skewed • Graphic presentations: Bar graph, Histogram, Frequency polygon • Percentages: 0 -100

  6. 2. Measures of central tendency: • Measures the average, typical or most frequent value for a group of data • Mean: used for interval and ratio data • Mode: used for nominal data • Median: used for ordinal, interval and ratio data

  7. 2. Measures of central tendency/cont: • Range: difference between the highest and lowest value in a group of values or scores. • Percentile: 80th percentile, 50th percentile etc • Standard deviation: used for interval or ratio data

  8. 3. Measures of variance: • Variance: it is the standard deviation squared

  9. 4. Measures of relationships: correlations between variables

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