Allies Stem Japanese Tide

2. Priority was to defeat Nazis, but US did not wait to move against Japan Allies Stem Japanese Tide

3. 1st 6 months after Pearl Harbor- conquered empire that dwarfed Hitler’s Japanese Advances

4. Philippines-80,000 Americans commanded by General Douglas MacArthur- Japanese Advances

5. 14,000 killed, another 48,000 wounded MacArthur eventually had to abandon Philippines- “I shall return” Japanese Advances

6. 4/18/42-16 bombers led by James Doolittle take off of USS Hornet Bombed Tokyo military targets US Retaliation

7. May 1942- US and Australian forces intercept Japanese fleet targeting Australia-Battle of the Coral Sea US Retaliation

8. Allies lost more ships than Japanese Japanese fleet too short of fuel to continue to Australia- US Retaliation

9. June 1942- Chester Nimitz-commander of American forces in Pacific- learned Japanese invasion force heading for Midway then on to Pearl Harbor Battle of Midway

10. US outnumbered 4 to 1-prepared a surprise for Japanese at Midway Battle of Midway

11. Japanese lose 4 aircraft carriers, a cruiser, 322 planes Americans avenged Pearl Harbor Battle of Midway

12. Lots of distance between island on in the Pacific Island Hopping

13. Americans “leapfrogged” Japanese strongholds Island Hopping

14. 1st land offensive of Japanese war- Guadalcanal in Solomon Islands 19,000 marines Island Hopping

15. October 1944- 178,000 Allied troops & 738 ships converge on Leyte Island in the Philippines Island Hopping

16. In the Philippines- 424 kamikazes-sunk 16 US ships and damaged another 80 Leyte Gulf a disaster for Japan Island Hopping

17. Americans next turned to Iwo Jima US could use this a s abase to attack Japan Most heavily defended spot on earth Island Hopping

18. 200 Japanese survived Last obstacle was Okinawa Island Hopping

19. By the way… • April 12, 1945-FDR dies • Harry Truman becomes president

20. Japan’s last defensive outpost Okinawa

21. Fighting ends June 22, 1945 More than 7,600 Americans died 110,000 Japanese die Okinawa

22. Manhattan Project- project to develop the atomic bomb Most ambitious scientific project in history Manhattan Project

23. Work on atomic bomb began in 1942 Manhattan Project

24. Many concerns surrounding atomic bomb Manhattan Project

25. July 16, 1945-1st atomic bomb detonated in New Mexico Manhattan Project

26. Many scientists said it would be immoral to drop the bomb without fair warning Others wanted to give the Japanese a demonstration of the bomb Problems with a test explosion: Nothing less than dropping a bomb on a city would convince Japanese to surrender The test might be a dud Japanese might shoot down delivery plan May move American prisoners to the test area To Bomb or not to Bomb

27. Decision was made to drop the bomb without warning Why? To Bomb or not to Bomb

28. US warns Japan that it faced “prompt and utter destruction” unless it surrendered To Bomb or not to Bomb

29. August 6, 1945 Enola Gay released atomic bomb code named Little Boy over Hiroshima Hiroshima and Nagasaki

31. August 9, 1945- a second atomic bomb-Fat Man- was dropped on Nagasaki Leveled half the city Hiroshima and Nagasaki

33. September 2, 1945-Japanese formally surrender on board the USS Missouri Hiroshima and Nagasaki

34. Yalta Conference-February 1945 Attended by FDR, Stalin and Churchill Preparing for Peace

35. Also at Yalta-Stalin promises to enter the war against Japan In exchange for: Kuril and Sakhlin Islands Preparing for Peace

36. July 1945- Potsdam Conferendce Attended by Truman, Stalin, and Atlee (new British PM) Preparing for Peace

37. 22 Nazi officers and govmt. Officials put on trial 12 sentenced to death Nuremberg Trials

38. Occupied by US forces Under command of Douglas MacArthur Occupation of Japan

39. Occupation lasted 6 years MacArthur installed a democratic government Occupation of Japan