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Safety Regulation of PBN Operations

Safety Regulation of PBN Operations. Filippo Tomasello Rulemaking officer 25 May 2011. “Specific” approval is not the “normal” solution. Instrument Rated (IR) pilots normally authorized (by law): FCL.605 IR – Privileges ref. EASA Opinion 04/2010; 27 Aug 2010:

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Safety Regulation of PBN Operations

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  1. Safety Regulation of PBN Operations Filippo Tomasello Rulemaking officer 25 May 2011

  2. “Specific” approval is not the “normal” solution • Instrument Rated (IR) pilots normally authorized (by law): • FCL.605 IR – Privileges • ref. EASA Opinion 04/2010; 27 Aug 2010: • (a) fly aircraft in IFR with minimum DH of 200 ft • (b) In case of multi-engine IR, even lower when the applicant has undergone specific training • (c) …. • Rule FCL.605 (and all other EASA rules for FCL) is expected to be adopted by the European Commission during 2011 • … but national rules in the EU, based on JAR-FCL are similar • Underlying assumptions: operations well established in the community; suitable training programmes for IR; airworthiness certification; safe radio-navigation signal; etc…. ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop

  3. 8 requirements behind privileges • Aircraft (and avionics) has airworthiness approval covering the envisaged IFR operations • OPS of not challenging complexity • Concept/systems “mature” (= operationally used since a sufficient number of years = not “new”) • Associated risk is tolerable, including • Accuracy, integrity, availability and continuity of radio-navigation signals • Safety oversight of procedure designers • Accuracy and integrity of NAV data base 8. Suitable training standards and (periodic) checking procedures for pilots established ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop

  4. MNPS operations were “new” in 1977 • FAA AC 91-49 (23 Aug 1977) • d. Lateral separation in NAT-MNPS airspace is reduced (1978) from 120 NM to 60 NM = more complexity • e. decided by ICAO that all operators desiring to use MNPS must show that equipment and procedures are capable of continuously complying with specifications • U.S. operators to FAA (= to competent authority) • Operators who have long-range navigation equipment installed (and certified) may be issued Letters of Authorization to operate in NAT-MNPS airspace The 8 requirements were not satisfied Specific Approval (SPA) ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop

  5. Authorization, Approval or SPA? • Is the semantics sufficiently standardised? • No definitions in Annex 6 for authorization, acceptance, approval or specific approval • a “normal” case seems to exist: • Par. 2.2.4.7 of Part II (Intl GA) .. aeroplanes in IFR shall comply with instrument approach procedures approved by the State • “specific” is used in particular cases: • Par. 2.2.2.2 of Part II to … fly below aerodrome minima ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop

  6. General authorization through rules • Par 2.3.1.1 Annex 6 Part II • An aeroplane shall be operated: • In compliance with the terms of its airworthiness certificate or equivalent • Within the operating limitations prescribed by the certifying authority of the State of Registry • …. And of course by a pilot enjoying sufficient privileges • Par 2.4.11 Annex 6 Part II • All turbine-engined …authorisedto carry more than nine passengers…. • No SPA known for No of pax The word “authorization” in Annex 6 does NOT necessarily mean SPA ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop

  7. Is “approval” always “specific”? • Par. 3, Attach 3.B to Annex 6 Part II • The State should indicate through approval of a Minimum Equipment List (MEL) …. • Is the approval of the MEL “specific”? ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop

  8. Authorization for PBN • Par 2.5.2.2 Annex 6 Part II • For PBN operations, in addition: • Equipment compliant with the PBN specification • Authorized by State of Registry • Authorization can be issued: • Through general rules • Through OPS spec attached to AOC for CAT operators (of course not for G.A.) • As privilege to IR pilots (when all the other requirements are fulfilled), including for aerial work and general aviation • Through a Specific Approval (e.g. letter of authorisation) • …..etc. States have several choices ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop

  9. General rules in EU OPS • Regulation 859/2008 (applies only to operators of CAT by aeroplanes): • 1.175 General for air operator certification • (c) 3. satisfy Authority that can conduct safe operations • (g) 2. procedures for the supervision of operations • (l) ensure that every flight is conducted in accordance with the provisions of the Operations Manual • (n) ensure that aeroplanes are equipped and crews are qualified for the area and type of operation • (o) comply with the maintenance requirements Many possibilities for approvals/oversight ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop

  10. Appendix 1 to EU OPS 1.175 • Contents of the Air Operator Certificate: • (c) Description of the type of operations authorised • (f) Authorised areas of operation • (g) Special limitations • (h) Special authorisations/approvals e.g.: • CAT II/CAT III (including approved minima) • (MNPS) Minimum navigation performance specifications • (ETOPS) Extended range operation twin engined aeroplanes • (RNAV) Area navigation • (RVSM) Reduced vertical separation minima • Transportation of dangerous goods • Authorisation to provide cabin crew safety training Normal authorization or special approval are almost the same x CAT? ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop

  11. PBN in EU OPS 1.243 • Operation in areas with specified navigation performance requirements • (a) Operator shall ensure that an aeroplane operated where navigation performance requirements have been specified, is certified according to these requirements, and • if required, that the Authority has granted the relevant operational approval • (b) Operator shall ensure that all contingency procedures, specified by the authority, have been included in the Operations Manual Possible non-uniformity ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop

  12. EASA OPS Rules • Apply to: • CAT (by aeroplane or helicopter) • SPO (= aerial work) • NCC = Non-Commercial Operators of “Complex” aircraft (e.g. business or corporate aviation) • NCO= Non-Commercial Operators of “non-complex” aircraft (e.g. light and sport private aviation) • NPA 2009-02b proposed SPA (of unlimited validity) for certain types of operations, including: • PBN • B-RNAV (RNAV 5) Much larger scope than EU OPS (= JAR OPS 1) ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop

  13. NPA 2009-02b (January 2009) • OPS.SPA.001.SPN Operations in areas with specified performance based navigation (SPN) • (a), (b) only if the operator has been approved by the competent authority • (c) To obtain approval operator shall: • (1) demonstrate navigation equipment functionality … • (2) training programme for the flight crew • (3) establish operating procedures specifying: • (i) equipment to be carried, including MEL • (ii) crew composition and experience • (iii), (iv) normal and contingency procedures • (v) incident reporting • (vi) specific regional procedures, in case of MNPS • (vii) navigation database integrity, in case of PBN Uniform common rules ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop

  14. CRD 2009-02b.4 (November 2010) • Part SPA • SPA.PBN.100 PBN operations • Aircraft shall only be operated where performance-based navigation (PBN) is established, if the operator has been granted an approval by the competent authority • No specific approval is required for RNAV5 (basic area navigation, B-RNAV) • Opinion to be delivered during 2011 • Adoption expected in 2012 ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop

  15. ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop

  16. Data providers contracted ICAO SARPs Regional/National safety rules National competent authority Safety oversight Safety oversight Air Operator Air Operator Safety oversight Safety oversight Contracted NAV Data Provider ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop

  17. ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop

  18. The will of the EU legislator Whereas: • In its Communication of 15 November 2005 entitled “Extending the tasks of the European Aviation Safety Agency – an agenda for 2010”, the Commission announced its intention to progressively extend the tasks of the European Aviation Safety Agency ("the Agency"), with a view towards a "total system approach", to aerodrome/airport safety and interoperability, Air Navigation Services ("ANS") and Air Traffic Management ("ATM") Recital 1 EASA BR ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop

  19. Certification of avionics not sufficient ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop

  20. Navigation Service in SES Regulations 549 and 550/2004 • Facilities and services that provide aircraft with positioning and timing (Art. 2.30; 549) • GNSS clearly fells into this definition • NAV providers (= NSP) can be individually certified (Art. 7.3; 550) • No identical requirement exist for other transport modes • EGNOS initiated before (…. unfortunately!!!!) • Planning for certification of Galileo NSP should initiate as soon as possible …. EASA available to advise ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop

  21. Certified NAV data providers ICAO SARPs Regional/National safety rules Regional/National competent authority Safety over sight Safety over sight Safety over sight SATNAV SP Certified Data Provider Air Operator ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop

  22. Operational Suitability Data (OSD) • GNSS has changed NAV • NAV has a tradition for “specific approval” (SPA) • SPA has unlimited validity • Even COM is evolving (e.g. data link) • But for COM no SPA is required • OSD allows to define (and mandate) specific training requirements: • Whenever there is a relevant change • “key elements” under responsibility of the (S)TC holder • Implementation of said requirements is checked through regular oversight of pilots/operators • http://www.easa.europa.eu/rulemaking/docs/crd/2009/CRD%202009-01%20(EN,%20comment%20response%20summary%20and%20resulting%20text).pdf • Rules for OSD in force in 2012 ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop

  23. Conclusion • All aviation operations require approval/authorization (“normal” or “specific”) • For CAT operators several ways (AOC, OPS Spec, Manual, etc…) • For G.A. the easiest way is through pilot’s privileges • When the 8 safety requirements … …. are not satisfiedSPA • Opinion for EASA OPS will follow CRD (= only BRNAV exempted from SPA) • …but EASA is drafting Pre-RIA for new task MDM.062 in order to replace the SPA for some PBN OPS (e.g. straight in RNP APCH) • OSD is an emerging concept, possibly safer than SPA ICAO EUR – PBN Workshop

  24. Questions? Thanks for the attention

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