Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies: UAV

1. Thematic workshop New/Emerging technologies:UAV Tony Fazio Federal Aviation Administration Yves Morier European Aviation Safety Agency

2. Contents of the presentation • Description of UAV system: • Definitions • UAV: a complete new Aviation • Many initiatives worldwide • Scenarios: • Use with operational restrictions • Use into normal airspace/airports • Consequences • Aviation safety regulation • Relations between Authorities and Industry • International relations • Let’s launch the debate!

3. Description of the UAV system • Definitions • UAV System • A UAV System comprises individual UAV System elements consisting of the flight vehicle (UAV), the “Control Station” and any other UAV System Elements necessary to enable flight, such as a “Communication link” and “Launch and Recovery Element”. There may be multiple UAVs, Control Stations, or Launch and Recovery Elements within a UAV System. • UAV (Unmanned Air Vehicle, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) • An aircraft which is designed to operate with no human pilot onboard.

4. Description of the UAV system: • UAV: a complete new Aviation • Technologies: • Fixed-wing; rotorcraft, airships • Unusual configurations • Propulsion system: piston engine, turbine engine, electric propulsion. • Control systems: line of sight, autonomous • Size: • From micro-UAV (100 grams) to High Altitude Long Endurance UAV ( 10000 Kilograms) • Possible operations: • From crop-spraying to ‘surrogate satellites’ through fire-fighting operations • ‘long, dull and dangerous’ kind of use

5. Description of the UAV system: • UAV: a complete new Aviation • Civil/military: • Many UAV were developed with dual use in mind • UAV designers/manufacturers: • Well established aircraft manufacturers but also small and medium enterprises! • Many State of Design

6. Examples of Current Vehicles

7. Many initiatives worldwide • Some examples: • In the USA: • Flights under Certificate of Authorization • FAA Working Group • Access 5: File a flight plan and fly by 2008 • 3 Standardisation bodies: RTCA; SAE; ASTM • RTCA Special Committee 203 • Application for Experimental Airworthiness Certificate

8. Many initiatives worldwide • Some examples: • In Europe: European level • EUROCONTROL (Military UAV-OAT Task Force and new task-force for integration of civil and military UAV in the airspace) • EASA (A-NPA proposing a policy for TC basis) • JAA/EUROCONTROL (Concept of regulation) • EU Research programmes (e.g. USICO for airworthiness and operations requirements; UAV-Net)

9. Many initiatives worldwide • Some examples: • In Europe: • Member States: • Sweden (Total system approach), • France (Military Authorities: certification code based (USAR) on CS-23) • UK: CAP 722 • Standardisation bodies: EUROCAE is considering to set-up a working group. • Not only institutions: Industry efforts (UVS- International Industry Consultative Body)

10. Many initiatives worldwide • Some examples: • International: • NATO FINAS: two working groups to address UAV airworthiness and certification.

11. Many initiatives worldwide • Some examples: • Other countries: • Australia has adopted CASR (Civil Aviation Safety Regulations) Part 101 Unmanned aircraft and rocket operations.

12. Scenarios (I) • Use with operational restrictions: • Limited development of UAV: • Operations in restricted airspace and over non-populated areas. • Possible reasons: • Lack of appropriate regulations • Lack of public acceptance • Insurance premiums • Increased security measures

13. Scenarios (II) • Use into normal airspace/airports: • Full use of UAV systems potential not only limited to ‘aerial work’ but with the possibility of transporting cargo. • Context is likely to be an Integrated Air Ground Space System (Networked system) • Some pointers: • The objective of ACCESS 5 is to allow the use of UAV above Flight level 180 in 2008 • Several studies (Korean UAV roadmap, EU research programme USICO) envisage global market for High Altitude Long Endurance UAV after 2010 • ACARE research agenda envisage that in 2020 the technology for autonomous flight control systems for freighter operations will have reached a ‘medium’ level of maturity

14. Scenarios (III) • Which scenario? • Scenario II is chosen as most likely • Why? • Reflect technological development • Technology exists • Means that it will be used • Other views: • Are welcome on the most likely scenario.

15. Consequences • Aviation Safety Regulation • Need for a total system approach to address increasing complexity and number of interfaces: • Use of tailored manned aircraft codes complemented by Special Conditions is a first step. • Integration Air-ground • Multiple technologies; operations • Flexibility • Need for a full risk assessment of UAV operations: • Public and political acceptance • This should include security risks • Need for cooperation between Authorities, International organisations, Industry, Research Institutes and Academia

16. Consequences • Relations between Authorities and Industry: • Increased use of regulations based on essential requirements and safety management systems: • See previous slide • In line with EU new and global approach • Increased use of standardisation bodies to develop appropriate standards: • Has already started today (See ASTM, SAE, RTCA, EUROCAE activities)

17. Consequences • International relations: • Increased need for bilateral agreements: • Many countries are likely to design and produce UAV • Resolution of issues related to transfer of control during a flight: • Long range flights may lead to transfer from control station to control station • Chicago Convention: • Article 8 of the Convention may need to be re-discussed • Some ICAO annexes may need to be revised. • Other International Conventions such as Montreal 1999, Rome, Tokyo

18. Let’s launch the debate • UAV has a lot of potential for Civil use • Aerial work for sure but may be Commercial Air Transportation… • Present situation could be compared to the one of Aviation in 1920-1930: • Military operations quite well established • Civil operations just starting • First long range flights performed • Oblige to think as an integrated Air-ground system : • New challenge to us all

19. THANK YOU FOR YOUR • ATTENTION.