INF204 - What's New in Windows PowerShell V2

1. INF204 - What's New in Windows PowerShell V2 Jeffrey P. SnoverPartner Architect

2. State of the Software – The Good • Phenomenal rate of adoption • > 1.55 Million downloads in < 1 year • Exchange 2007, MOM 2007, Virtual Machine Manager 2007, Lotus Domino Transporter Suite, Data Protection Manager, Compute Cluster Tool Pack, Windows Server, Backup • Good ISV pickup • > 20 new internal partners • CEC 2009 requirement • Won both Best of TechEd and Teched Attendees Pick • Solid Community • Active and useful Newsgroups and Forums • 25 Codeplex projects (2 in the top 25 most active) • Strong group of MVPs • 14+ books • Strong tools

3. Tower of Power

4. Productivity

5. State of the Software – Opportunities for Improvement • Cmdlet specific remoting • Can’t write Cmdlets in PowerShell • Script development via Notepad and PS-DEBUG • APIs did not address common GUI over CLI issues

6. Announcing : PowerShell V2 Community Technology Preview (CTP)

7. Availability /Applicability • CTP downloadable NOW • CTP is NOT Beta • Full regression tests against V1.0 functions • Good coverage against new functions • Catch-as-catch-can documentation • Things WILL change • Works on XP SP2 and Above • Must download WS-Management V1.1 first • On VISTA – SP1 is required (for remoting) • Replaces V1.0 • V1 compatible except for additions • New variable names • New Language/cmdlet features

8. PowerShell V2 Themes

9. PowerShell V2 Themes • Commands, expressions and ScriptBlocks can be run • in the foreground or background • on one or more machines • over a LAN or a WAN • in unrestricted or restricted environments • using short or long connections • using impersonation or supplied credentials • initiated by user input or by events

10. Features • Remoting • Mobile Object Model • Background Jobs • Restricted Runspaces • Eventing (coming soon)

11. Universal Code Execution Model

12. Remoting

13. Mobile Objects Model • Islands of optimization in a sea of interoperability • Whenever possible, use live.NET objects • Use typed property bags everywhere else • Live objects get serialized at runspace borders • Typed property bags using 22 core datatypes • Everything else is converted using ToString() • Process can be tweaked with typeXML entries • Automatically deserialized into typed property bags on receipt • Type: Deserializes.OriginalType • PSIPHostEntry added (ComputerName, Aliases, Addresses)

14. Demo: PowerShell Remoting Jeffrey P. Snover Partner Architect

15. Background Jobs • Commands, expressions and scriptblocks can be run in the foreground or background on one or more machines • PSJOB – Start, Get, Wait, Receive, Stop, Remove • Provide a runspace or it will create a local runspace connection • Jobs can contain ChildJobs • Operate on them individually or collectively

16. Demo: Background Jobs Jeffrey P. Snover Partner Architect

17. RistrictedRunspaces • Option for hosting PowerShell to create an environment to run potentially hostile requests safely • Service oriented scenarios • $executionContext.SessionState • LanguageMode • FullLanguage, DataLanguage, NoLanguage • Whitelists for Scripts and Applications • Visibility property on Commands and Variables • New model for creating initial session state

18. Features • New hosting APIs • Runspace pooling

19. Hosting APIs //Early bound API PowerShell ps = PowerShell.Create("get-process").AddParameter(“Name”,”*SS”).AddCommand("Sort-Object“); //Typed invocation Collection<Process> col = ps.Invoke<Process>(); //Cmd reuse Collection<Process> col = ps.Invoke<Process>();

20. Demo: APIs Jeffrey P. Snover Partner Architect

21. Features • Graphical PowerShell • Script Cmdlets • Script Internationalization/Data Language • Debugging • Packages and modules (coming soon)

22. Demo: Graphical PowerShell Jeffrey P. Snover Partner Architect

23. Script Cmdlets • Supports most everything a .NET Cmdlet can do • Attributes on Parameters • Attributes on Cmdlet • $CMDLET similar to a C# THIS • $Cmdlet.ShouldProcess(“Target”, “Action”) • $Cmdlet.ShouldContinue(“Query”, “Caption”) • Engine does a TON of work for you • Fewer lines of code delivers more functions in a more consistent way

24. Demo: Script Cmdlets Jeffrey P. Snover Partner Architect

25. Script Internationalization/ Data Language • Data var [–supportedcommandcmd] {scriptblock} • Limited subset of language: • Comparison operators (except –Match) • If, elseif, else • Well defined [safe] ConvertFrom-* cmdlets • Limited variables: $culture, $uiculture, $true, $false, $null • Comments and pipelines • Literals • Strings, hash, xml, etc • Save Cmdlets • ConvertFrom-StringData

26. Script Internationalization/ Data Language Data msgs { ConvertFrom-StringData @” Usage = “Usage: Get-Process Name <name>” NoSuchProc = “No such Process Found” “@ } Import-LocalizedData –Bind msgs …. Throw $msgs.NoSuchProc

27. Script Debugging • PSBreakPoint • New, Remove, Get, Enable, Disable • Breakpoints can be set on: • Lines, Line/ColumnNumber • Functions • Variable Read/Write • Cmdlets • Action scriptblocks • Step • Into, Over, Out • Get-PsCallStack

28. Features • Language enhancements • Improved adapters • New/improved cmdlets

29. Language Enhancements • Splatting operator • $a=@{id=13,23,33; ErrorAction="continue"; ErrorVariable="e"} • stop-process @a • -Split • $x = “1,2,3,4” • $x –split “,” • -Join • $x=“1”,”2”,”3”,”4” • $x –join “,” • [ADSISearcher] • [x[]] • [string[]]”a”,”b”,”c”

30. Improved Adapters /ADSI support • Improved adapter lookup algorithm • Includes PSBASE to lookup path • Improved ADSI Adapter • Path, Children, Parent, SchemaClassName, SchemaEntry are now available on the object • [ADSISearcher] • DirectoryEntry type has marshalling code methods • ConvertDNBinaryToString • ConvertLargeIntegerToInt64

31. WMI Improvements • Cmdlets • Get-WmiObject, Remove-WmiObject • Set-WMIInstance • Invoke-WmiMethod • New parameters • -Impersonation, -Authentication, -Locale, -EnableAllPrivileges, -Amended, -DirectRead, -Authority • Connection settings stay with the object [bug fix]

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35. Backup Slides

36. Parser API • [System.Management.Automation.PSParser]::Tokenize • $psp = [System.Management.Automation.PSParser] • $psp::Tokenize(((cat $file) -join "`n"),[ref]$null) | where {$_.type –eq “Command” } | Group Content |sort Name

37. Graphical PowerShell • VERY early release (lots of known issues) • Requires .NET 3.0 • Supports • Unicode output • Multiline input • Syntax coloring • Script editing • Multiple sessions

38. Common Remoting Goals • Universal, free, and non-optional for all PowerShell functions/cmdlets/providers • Secure • Firewall Friendly • Protocol/Payload efficient • Streaming behaviour

39. WS-MGMT • Remoting layers on top of WS-MGMT protocol • WINRM service • Uses HTTP over a fixed (configurable) port • Admin control over resource usage • Max shells per user • Concurrent users • $pshome\Configure-WSMAN.ps1

40. Parameter Attributes • Mandatory • Position(int) • Alias(string) • ValueFromPipeline, ValueFromPipeLineByName • AllowNull, AllowEmptyString, AllowEmptyCollection • ValidateRange(int,int), ValidateLength(int,int) , ValidateNotNull, ValidateNotNullOrEmpty, ValidatePattern(regex), ValidateSet(string[],bool), ValidateCount(int,int), ValidateScript(scriptblock) • Customer attributes supported as well • ParameterSets are not supported in this CTP

41. $cmdlet • Methods • CurrentProviderLocation, GetResolvedProviderPathFromPSPath, GetResourceString, GetUnresolvedProviderPathFromPSPath, GetVariableValue • Invoke • ShouldContinue, ShouldProcess • ThrowTerminatingError, • WriteCommandDetail, WriteDebug, WriteError, WriteObject, WriteProgress, WriteVerbose, WriteWarning • Properties • CommandOrigin, CommandRuntime, Host, InvokeCommand, InvokeProvider, JobRepository, MyInvocation, ParameterSetName, SessionState, Stopping

42. ScriptCmdlet – Engine Functions • -OutVariable • -ErrorAction , -ErrorVariable • -Whatif, -Confirm, -Verbose • -Debug