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A Soldiers Quest. “Thousands of children were fathered by American servicemen during the Vietnam war. Now in their 60s and 70s, some veterans are desperate to find the sons and daughters they have never known .”. Jerry Quinn. Jerry and Brandy 1973. Jerry and Kim. Jerry and his son Gary .
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“Thousands of children were fathered by American servicemen during the Vietnam war. Now in their 60s and 70s, some veterans are desperate to find the sons and daughters they have never known.”
The Vietnam War July 1954 – April 1975
Recognizable Images of Vietnam http://blogs.denverpost.com/captured/2010/04/30/captured-a-look-back-at-the-vietnam-war-on-the-35th-anniversary-of-the-fall-of-saigon/1781/
Standard # 1 • Explain the events that led to ever – increasing American involvement in Vietnam. Standard # 2 • Explain how US foreign policy evolved during the Vietnam War Standard # 3 • Explain how the conflict in Vietnam illustrates the goals and methods of the Cold War
The Road to War in Vietnam • Early 1900’s France controlled SE Asia • Nationalist independence movement developed • Ho Chi Minh founded the group Viet Minh to revolt against France • Potential communist links • First Indochina War (8 years) • US (Truman) backs France to contain communism • 1950 = $10 million • 1951 = $100 million
First Indochina War • French control the cities, Viet Minh control country side, won support there • Decisive Battle = Dien Bien Phu – French lost control
Geneva Accords: Vietnam is Divided • Vietnam temporarily divided into two zones at the 17th parallel • North is communist • Ho Chi Minh • South is anti-communist • Setup by France and the US • Ngo Dinh Diem • (radical, catholic, dictator, tortured and gave few political freedoms, unequal wealth)
Domino Theory • Fear of communism spreading! • Containment! • US sends military advisers and aid to Diem / South Vietnam
War in Vietnam • Opposition towards Diem grew • Viet Minh living in South Vietnam rise up against Diem using guerrilla tactics • backed by communist north • called Vietcong
U.S. Response? • JFK’s response • Supported sending military aid for containment • Supported taking Diem out of power • Coup d’etat – assassinated Diem • No leadership in South = chaos • Lyndon B. Johnson – new president • “I’m not going to be the president who saw Southeast Asia go the way China went” JFK assassinated Nov 22nd 1963
Last 3 slides today, plus first 26:47 of America in the 20th century video
President Johnson’s Escalation • NVA (North Vietnamese Army) supplied the (south) Vietcong over the Ho Chi Minh Trail • Johnson decides to escalate attacks on North Vietnam coast • NVA fire on a US destroyer, not damaged
War Officially Starts • 1964 Another U.S. destroyer “attacked” in Tonkin Gulf • Johnson orders immediate air strikes • LBJ asks Congress for support for “future aggression” • The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution • Authorization for action without formal declaration of war USS Turner Joy
Opposition to the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution • [Authorizing this measure] means sending our American boys into combat in a war in which we have no business, which is not our war, into which we have been misguidedly drawn, which is steadily being escalated. This resolution is a further authorization for escalation unlimited. • —Senator Ernest Gruening, August 1964
Controversy Regarding Vietnam The HAWKS vs the DOVES President Johnson’s Choice: American- ization • Hawks: • Fear of Domino Effect • Didn’t want to be appeasers • Uphold American credibility • Doves: • Escalation does not mean victory • Not our conflict • Might draw China / USSR into the war
Robert McNamara https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HODxnUrFX6k