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Seminar July 2012 – Waldo Pigs

Dr. Thomas E. Socha. Seminar July 2012 – Waldo Pigs. Status of Waldo Pigs in U.S. Largest Duroc Breeder Most Litters recorded each Year More Genetic Diversity than other Duroc Breeders Continually out perform other Duroc breeders National Barrow show Other NPPC tests.

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Seminar July 2012 – Waldo Pigs

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  1. Dr. Thomas E. Socha Seminar July 2012 – Waldo Pigs

  2. Status of Waldo Pigs in U.S. • Largest Duroc Breeder • Most Litters recorded each Year • More Genetic Diversity than other Duroc Breeders • Continually out perform other Duroc breeders • National Barrow show • Other NPPC tests

  3. Waldo Boars used in A.I. • Six A.I. Centers use only Waldo Duroc or Duroc Cross terminal sires • Use pooled semen for commercial producers • Approximately 1,000 boars per year • Large producers use only Waldo boars in their private A. I. centers

  4. Best Pig Performance • Several National Tests have proven Waldo’s are the best • Best for Growth Rate • Best for Feed Efficiency • Best at National Barrow Show based on the performance of their Offspring • Have been Tested against other Durocs, PIC, Danbred and other companies

  5. Top Health Program • Herds Originated from Caesarean derived pigs • Herd additions are by lab or A.I. only • No live pigs are brought into the Nucleus herds • Continual Blood Testing and Slaughter inspections

  6. Advantages of Waldo Pigs • Growth Rate • Feed Efficiency • Carcass Lean Percentage • Meat Quality • Body Conformation • Continual Selection for Economically Important Traits

  7. Waldo pigs in the U.S. • Duroc are fastest growing of all pigs • York and Landrace are the fastest growing of York and Landrace in the U.S. • Based on data from National Swine Registry

  8. Growth Rate • Fewer Days for getting to Market weight • From 30kg to Market – Groups average daily gains are .8 - .9 kg / day • Reduce the amount of Finisher Space Needed • At .6kg per day you need space for 121 days • At .8kg per day you need space for 91 days

  9. Feed Efficiency • Results from Rapid Lean Growth • Growth Rate and Leanness are related to Efficiency by 30% • Saving 10% in Feed Usage can result in 90rmb per pig or 810-900rmb per litter • This is worth more than getting 2 more pigs per litter • Best way to DECREASE production costs

  10. Feed Efficiency Example • Presently most pigs are at 3.0 feed conversion • Waldo pigs can be 2.7 – 2.8 conversion • Save .3kg of feed for each kg of pig weight • 100 kg pig will save 30 kg of feed • At 3rmb per kg of feed (3 X 30 = 90rmb) • Each litter has 9-10 pigs (810 – 900rmb / litter) • 2 extra pigs / litter 350rmb (175rmb / pig) • Improved feed efficiency is more important than increasing litter size

  11. Carcass Lean Percentage • By the U.S. system Waldo Pigs average 56 – 60 % lean • This is at 130-140 kg • This is considered the ideal lean percentage for commercial pigs • Pigs that are too lean cause problems in skinning and in having thin bellies

  12. Meat Quality • Started testing 1992 • High pH Values • High Intramuscular Fat Percentage • Good Color Scores (Visual & Minolta) • Thick Belly Walls that are Firm • Excellent Meat Flavor

  13. Body Conformation • Proper feet and leg structure for longevity • Higher percent of high value cuts • Loin, Ham and Belly • Ability to grow fast and stay lean at heavier weight which may become more important in China than what is considered today

  14. Continual Selection for Economically Important Traits • Growth rate, Leanness, and litter size • Have proven Continual Genetic improvement over the last twenty years • Customers can be assured that the Genetics they get in the future will be improved above the current Genetics • Changes made in the selection techniques over time will reflect what is best for the swine industry

  15. Selecting and Breeding in the Waldo Farm System • Many factors are used to produce the best pigs • Waldo pigs in China will follow the same procedures as those used in the U.S. • Many of the procedures have been used for over 40 years in the U.S.

  16. How did they become the BEST • Data collected on over 95% of all pigs raised on the farm • Growth rate and backfat -1960 • Litter traits added 1980 • Loin size added 1992

  17. Performance Testing of Pigs • Need to test as Many pigs as possible to find the very BEST • Methods must be as easy as possible to help get the job done • Could be testing 300 pigs per week • At 60 pigs/ hour – 5hours per week • Need to Adjust all Records to a Standard • Backfat at 100kg • Days to 100kg • Loin size at 100kg • Litter weaning weights at 21 or 28 Days

  18. Genetic Improvement • The Most Important item in a Selection program is MAKING GENETIC improvement • A Consistent program must be followed over time • When Methods of Evaluation, testing procedures and Indexes are decided, they should not change for at least 5 years • Re-evaluation of all procedures is required every 5-10 years

  19. Normal Distribution Gilts – Top 25% Boars mean +1 +2 +3 +4 -4 -3 -2 -1

  20. Traits for Total Improvement • Growth- heritability = .35 • Days to market - standard deviation = 10 days • Feed efficiency • Leanness – heritability = .50 • Backfat – standard deviation = 2.0 mm • Loin eye size • Reproduction – heritability = .20 • Number of pigs born and raised – standard deviation = 2.0 pigs

  21. Changes in last 30 Years at Waldo • Days to market • 1979-160 days to 100 kg • 2009-148 days to 115 kg • About 1 day per year improvement • Backfat • 1979-20mm at 100 kg • 2009-14mm at 115 kg • About 0.3 mm decrease per year

  22. Records That Must Be Kept • Requires Labor and Dedication • Litter Birth weights • Number Born Alive • 21 Day litter weights • Number at 21 Days • Weight, Backfat, Loin Size at about 140-150 days • Meat Quality Traits

  23. Indexes Needed for Genetic Improvement • Sow Productivity Index (SPI) • In Herdsman program (sow index) • Litter birth weight • Number born alive • 21 day litter weight • Survival at 21 days Used for evaluating and culling sows

  24. Indexes (cont.) • Terminal Breeds – used for sire side • Growth rate 50% • Leanness 30% • Litter traits 20% (SPI values) • Maternal Breeds – Used for female side • Litter Traits 40% (SPI values) • Growth rate 40% • Leanness 20%

  25. Building a Good Herd • Selection • Keeping the best animals • Boars • Gilts • Culling • Sell poorest animals • Performance of Offspring • Reproduction of females

  26. Selection of Boars and Gilts • Rank each sex by their breed index after testing - most important part of selection • Determine how many of each sex must be selected • Evaluate 200% of needed boars-phenotype • If we need 2, we select the top 4 to evaluate • Evaluate 150% of needed gilts-phenotype • If we need 20, we select the top 30 to evaluate

  27. Body Conformation • Length of body • Loin Width • Levelness of the top • Levelness of rump • Width of hams • Too large can affect the ability to move or to decrease longevity in breeding system • Too small can reduce overall leanness and decrease high quality meat cuts • Depth of chest

  28. Genetic Change per Year • Genetic Change = Selection intensity X heritability X standard deviation • Change per Year = Genetic Change / generation interval • Age of parents when replacements are born • Ideally the generation interval should be about 1.50 -1.75 years

  29. Using Boars and Females • We need to make genetic progress, so we need to turn generations as quickly as possible • Boars should generally be used for 9 – 12 months • Females should generally be used to produce 2 -3 litters • If we keep the same animals around for three years we make no progress during that time

  30. Culling Boars and Females • We expect the next generation to be better than the last if we are selecting properly • Cull boars based on breeding percentage, offspring performance and feet and legs • Females should be culled based upon SPI values and for injury problems • Should cull 20% of each group weaned • Each female will farrow 2.4 times / year • This will mean culling 50% per year

  31. Expected progress in buyer herd Breeder herd progress Genetic Change Buyer herd One generation behind Generations of Breeding

  32. Using the Best Breeds • Maternal Effects • Litter size • Milking Ability • York and Landrace • Terminal Effects • Growth Rate • Feed Efficiency • Duroc is the Best

  33. Using Top Genetics for Crossing • Advantages of crossbred pigs • Heterosis effects – greatest for traits with lower heritabilities • Two breed gilts • One extra pig born – Y=11.9, L=11.8; then Y X L = 11.85 + 1 =12.85 • Three breed market hogs • 100% heterosis = 7 days faster to market

  34. Testing in F1 producing herds • If all replacements come from Nucleus herd • Maternal traits • Must produce • Must raise pigs • Culling 15% in each group • Annual culling about 35-40%

  35. Nutrition for Good performance • Rations need to have all essential ingredients • Protein • Energy • Vitamins • Minerals

  36. Assurance of Performance • Testing of Pigs • All Pigs have performance data • Tested at 100 kg (120-130 kg) • Growth • Back fat • Loin eye area Ultra sound equipment Aloka 500

  37. Mr. Fu, owner of Liuma-Waldo JV farm at Beijing

  38. Feeding Breeding Stock • Need five or six different rations • Starter feed • N1 (10 – 15 kg) • N2 (15 – 30 kg) • F1 (30 – 70 kg) • F2 (70 – 100 kg) • Feed Full Feed (ad-lib) until 120kg

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