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Shadow of War

Shadow of War. Ch. 34. I. Roosevelt’s Foreign Policy. A . London Economic Conference : 1933, international effort to organize an attack on the worldwide depression. Stabilize national currencies and trade. Roosevelt decides to leave conference. Depression worsens in Europe .

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Shadow of War

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  1. Shadow of War Ch. 34

  2. I. Roosevelt’s Foreign Policy A. London Economic Conference: 1933, international effort to organize an attack on the worldwide depression. Stabilize national currencies and trade. Roosevelt decides to leave conference. Depression worsens in Europe. B. Philippines: Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934. 1. Independence in 12 years 2. US to keep naval bases C. Soviet Union: US formally recognized in 1933 in hopes of trade and to have as an ally against Germany/Japan

  3. D. Latin America: “Good Neighbor Policy” 1933 in Buenos Aires at the 7th Pan American Conference. 1. 1934: US leaves Haiti 2. 1934: Cuba released from Platt Amendment: US keeps naval base at Guantanamo Bay. 1938: Mexico- Government seizes Yankee oil properties, US businessmen push for armed conflict, Roosevelt negotiates agreement. a. Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act 1934: Secretary of State Hull lowered tariff rates (50%) as long as other countries did the same.

  4. II. International Tensions Rise of Dictators: • Mussolini: Italy • Stalin: USSR • Hitler: Germany • Franco: Spain 1931: Japanese Invasion of Manchuria 1934: Japan walks out on major conference and terminates Washington agreement- began building big ships.

  5. 1934: Johnson Debt Default Act: prevent debt-dodging nations from borrowing. 1935: Italy invades Ethiopia 1935: Hitler institutes compulsory military service. 1935-36:Spanish Civil War- Fascist leader Franco to overthrow established democratic government. 1935-1937 Neutrality Acts: America would not help out the belligerents (aggressor & victim) of any foreign war. 1. Americans at their own risk if they sail on belligerent ship. 2. US will not loan out money, military aid, to belligerent foreign countries.

  6. 3. Congress extends Acts to disallow any trade between nations at war 1936: Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis: Italy/Germany/Japan alliance. 1936: Hitler marches into the Rhineland (demilitarized zone) removal/extermination of Jewish population, built up military and air force. 1937: Nanjing Massacre a.k.a. “Rape of Nanking” by Japanese in China 1937: “Quarantine Speech” – Chicago - verbal response to Japanese/Italian aggressions, Roosevelt was not acting on the aggression. 1937: Japan sinks US gunboat Panay in Chinese waters. Japanese militarists slapping and whipping Americans in China- “superior white race” 1938: Munich Conference“Appeasement” Europe was not prepared for war, agreed to give Hitler the Sudetenland, Hitler promise “big lie,” “this is the last territorial claim I have to make in Europe”

  7. August 29th, 1939 Non-Aggression Treaty: Stalin/Hitler 1939, September 1, Hitler takes Poland, Britain and France declare war. 1939 Cash and Carry Provision of Neutrality Act – 1st movement away from neutrality *Other important items before U.S. involvement: Lend Lease Act (March 1941) Atlantic Charter (Aug. 1941) Pearl Harbor (Dec. 7, 1941)

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