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Error Table

This text provides an introduction to hypothesis testing, with a focus on understanding Type I and Type II errors. It includes examples from the justice system, drug testing welfare recipients, education, and medicine.

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Error Table

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  1. An Introduction to Hypothesis testing Sec 8.1; page 405 Error Table

  2. Terms and Symbols • Null Hypothesis: H0 • Alternative Hypothesis: H1

  3. Example: the Justice system: A person is accused of murder and is on trial. Null Hypothesis: the defendant is innocent. Alternative Hypothesis: the defendant is not innocent.

  4. Example: the Justice system: The next slide will demonstrate what the error table looks like.

  5. Null hypothesis D E C I S I O N Defendant is not innocent Defendant is innocent Type I Error Defendant is found NOT innocent Correct Decision Convict Type II Error Defendant is found innocent Correct Decision Acquit

  6. Are the consequences of Type I error more severe or Type II error consequences?

  7. Drug testing Welfare recipients • Aasif Mandvi the Senior correspondent for Daily Show

  8. The recipient is drug free The recipient is NOT drug free Test + Type I error Correct Decision Correct Decision Type II error Test -

  9. Are the consequences of Type I error more severe or Type II error consequences?

  10. Example in Education • The state of Georgia is considering spending $350 million on a computerized mathematics curriculum that for grades 3 – 10. They pilot the program with 250 students in grades 5 and 6 whose end-of-course test scores are compared to the state average score of 150.

  11. Example in Medicine • Pharmaceutical researchers are testing a new drug for acne. Severity of acne is rated on a scale of 1 – 7, 7 being “worst.” Side effects for the new drug may include vomiting, upset stomach, mild fever and/or hyperactivity. Their sample size is 80, with participants randomly assigned to a control group (n = 40) and treatment group (n = 40).

  12. Assignment on your own: Type 1 and 2 Error WS

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