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BREAST FEEDING

BREAST FEEDING. BY Prof. soumaya el sayed hadhood . Introduction. Breast milk is the natural and ideal food which satisfies the need of the infants. During the first year of life, we rely mainly on milk to supply the infant with his nutritional requirements. Physiology Of Lactation.

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BREAST FEEDING

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  1. BREAST FEEDING BYProf. soumaya el sayed hadhood 

  2. Introduction • Breast milk is the natural and ideal food which satisfies the need of the infants. • During the first year of life, we rely mainly on milk to supply the infant with his nutritional requirements

  3. Physiology Of Lactation • The breast is made up of alveoli that produce milk connected through a collecting system to the nipple

  4. Breast Feeding Reflex Maternal reflexes Oxytocic reflex Prolactin reflex

  5. Neonatal Feeding Reflexes Rooting reflex Suckling reflex Swallowing reflex

  6. Stages of breast milk production • Human milk is not a uniform body fluid , but secretion of the mammary glands that is of changing composition. . • - The relative amounts of its constituents vary with: • Maternal nutrition • Stage of lactation • Different times of day and even within each feed.

  7. Stages Of Breast Milk Production Colostrum Transitional milk Mature milk

  8. Colostrum • It is the bright lemon yellow, alkaline, viscous fluid • It is very beneficial because • More rich in protein (2.3 gram/dl). • Contains less carbohydrate (5.7 g/dl)& fat (2.3 g/dl). . • Very rich in immunoglobulins • More rich in cholesterol. • More rich in macrominerals (Na, K, Cl) and microminerals (Zinc, Copper). • Rich in leukocytes (macrophages and Lymphocytes). • Rich in antibacterial factors (lactoferrin and lysozyme). • More rich in vitamin A than mature milk. • It has a laxative and photolytic action thus helping clearing out of meconium and prevention of hyperbilirubinemia.

  9. Transitional milk • It follows the colostrum. • It is produced between the colostrum and mature milk. • It take place in the second week postpartum. • Immunoglobulin and total protein decrease, while lactose, fat and total calories increase than in colostrum.

  10. Mature milk • Itis secreted by the 10th - 20th day after delivery. • Its fat contents are higher in early months of lactation. • Its amount become larger with time and suckling. • Breast milk is divided: • Hind-milk • Fore­milk

  11. Difference between breast milk and cow’s milk

  12. Advantages Of Breast Feeding • Benefits to the baby • Breast milk is the natural food for human infants • Convenience , Available , Sterility . • Composition Perfectly balanced. • Intelligence promotion • Fewer problems of digestion, colic and constipation • Anti-infective properties • Cells • Antibodies • Lactoferrin • Anti-inflammatory properties • Anti-allergic properties • Lower risk of iron deficiency anaemia • Suckling helps better development of facial muscles

  13. Benefits to the mother • More convenient • Emotional satisfaction • Prevention of postpartum haemorrhage • Birth spacing • Women regain their normal weight and activities faster • Lactational amenorrhea prevents iron loss • lowering the risk for breast cancer and ovarian cancer

  14. Benefits to the society • Breast feeding saves for the family and community the budget needed for formula milk. • Cheap and most economical method of feeding. • It decrease health care costs • It helps efforts for community family planning.

  15. Promotion Of Breast Feeding • Preparation of prospective mother • Early initiation of breast-feeding • Establish good breast feeding skills • No other food or drinks • Rooming-in practice • Time and frequency of feeding • Duration of the feed • Feeding from both breast

  16. Positioning

  17. Proper attachment

  18. The Adequacy Of Breast Feeding • Criteria of adequate breast feeding • Criteria for inadequate breast –feeding

  19. Common Problems During Breast Feeding Difficulties To The Mother • Engorged breasts • Causes • Management

  20. 2-Flat Small Or Retracted Inverted Nipple • Flat Nipple • Management of flat or inverted nipples • Test for protractilety • Breast pump • Uses of pluger

  21. 3-Sore Nipple And Cracked Or Fissured Nipple • Causes • Prevention • Management

  22. Others • Mastitis • Breast abscess • Diminished milk supply

  23. Difficulties To The Baby • Nasal catarrh • Thrush Stomatitis • Weak suckers • Congenital Malformations • Baby’s refusal to breast feeding

  24. Contraindication Of Breast Feeding • Absolute contraindications • Causes related to the infant • Maternal causes • Temporary Contra indications • Causes related to the infant • Maternal causes

  25. Drugs Contraindicated In Breast - Feeding Mother • All antineoplastics • Any medicine containing atropine. • Lithium • Anticoagulant. • Laxative • All antithyroid medication • Oral contraceptives. • Corticosteroid in high doses. • Radioactive pharmaceuticals

  26. Thank You

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