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Human Reproductive System Overview

Understand the male and female reproductive organs, functions of testes, ovaries, uterus, and hormones, the process of ovulation and fertilization. Learn about sperm production, egg maturation, and the journey of fertilized egg.

jeffreyaporter
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Human Reproductive System Overview

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  1. Male Reproductive Organs and Ducts • Testes - produce sperm cells (seminiferous tubules) and testosterone (Leydig cells) • Penis - used to deposit sperm in the vaginal canal of the female • Epididymis - place where sperm are stored until ejaculation • Ductus (vas) deferens - tube that sperm passes through on the way out of the body • Urethra - sperm exits the penis through this canal

  2. Accessory Glands - produce semen to nourish and aid the sperm on their journey to the egg • Prostate gland - produces fluid containing nutrients that nourish the sperm and make them motile • Seminal vesicles - produce sperm nourishing fluid containing fructose sugar • Bulbourethral glands - produce acid neutralizing mucous during ejaculation

  3. Female Reproductive Anatomy • Ovaries - place where eggs mature and site of estrogen production • Fallopian tubes - tube that egg travels from ovaries to the uterus (fertilization occurs here) • Uterus - nourishes and houses the developing fetus • Cervix - opening to the uterus • Vagina - birth canal; also receive penis during sexual intercourse • Clitoris - erectile tissue analogous to the penis in males

  4. Ovulation • Release of the egg from the ovary (occurs at day 14 of ovarian cycle - see handout) • Regulated by the hormone LH and FSH from the pituitary gland (see handout)

  5. Fertilization • Occurs in the fallopian tubes • Fertilized egg begins to divide and moves towards uterus • Embryo implants in the endometrial lining of the uterus

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