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Ion Trap Quantum Computer

Ion Trap Quantum Computer. Two Level Atom as a qubit. Electron on lower orbit. Electron on higher orbit. Ion Trap Quantum Computer. Linear ion trap. Ion Traps.

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Ion Trap Quantum Computer

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  1. Ion Trap Quantum Computer

  2. Two Level Atom as a qubit Electron on lower orbit Electron on higher orbit

  3. Ion Trap Quantum Computer

  4. Linear ion trap Ion Traps • Ions in a radio frequency trap interact by exchanging vibrational excitations. Each ion can be controlled by a polarized, properly focused laser beam. • Picture shows the electrode structure. • The electrode is 1mm thick.

  5. Linear ion trap computer Research in NIST Laser pulses electrodes ion

  6. Linear ion trap Quantum CNOT gate on beril ion in the trap

  7. Silicon Based Quantum Computer

  8. Optical Quantum Computer

  9. What about scaling? • 1-7 qubits using NMR technology • 1-2 qubits using ion traps • 1-2 qubits using various other quantum technologies • Scaling is very hard! • Is the problem technical or fundamental?

  10. Technical or Fundamental? • Noise, “decoherence”, imprecision are detrimental • Similar problems exist in “classical” systems • Theory of linear error correction and fault tolerant computing can be generalised to the quantum setting (Shor, Steane, etc.) • Using “reasonable” physicalmodels, there exist fault-tolerant schemes for scalable quantum computing

  11. Quantum Circuits Quantum Error-Correction Circuit • Problem: State | = a|0 + b |1 is degraded by noise • Solution Encode in a suitable EC code such as the 5-bit code: |0 = |00000 + |11000 + |01100 + |00110 + |00011 + |10001 – |10100 – |01010 – |00000 – |10010 – |01001 – |11110 – |01111 – |10111 – |11011 – |11101 |1 =|11111 + |00111 + |10011 + …

  12. Summary

  13. Summary • Quantum Computers are a natural generalisation of “classical” computers • Quantum algorithms: Factoring, Discrete log, Hidden Subgroup, Hidden Affine Functions, Searching, Counting • Small implementations exist • Scaling is difficult, but seems to be a technological (not fundamental) problem

  14. References • 1: Chuang, Issac and Gershenfeld, Neil; “Quantum Computing With Molecules”; Scientific American: June 1998. • 2: Hey, Anthony; Possible Technologies for Quantum Computers; May 1998; http://www.ecs.soton.ac.uk/~ajgh/quantrep.html • 3: Nuclear Magnetic Resonace Quantum Computers; http://www.qubit.org/research/NMR/index.html; Mar 2001. • 4: Quantum Computing Experiment At Los Alamos; http://p23.lanl.gov/Quantum?qcexper.html; Jan 2001. • 5: QUIC Milestones; http://theory.caltech.edu/~quic/milestones.html; Mar 2001. • 6: Simple Quantum Gates; http:/www.qubit.org/intros/comp/inset2.html; Mar 2001. • 7: Waldtrop, M; “Quantum Computing”; Technology Review; May/June 2000.

  15. Physical Implementation: NMR • Five-qubit computer (contd.) • Molecule with 5 flourine atoms whose spins implement the qubits • Experimental 5-qubit circuit to find the order of a permutation Quantum Fourier Transform measurements

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