Chapter 4 Incident Management Elements

1. Chapter 4 Incident Management Elements All presentation sources are used in accordance with the Multimedia Fair Use Guidelines and are not for copying and pasting by other users.

2. Incident Management Elements • Priorities • Life Safety • Incident Stabilization • Protection of property and the environment • Management Structure • Command system • NIMS • Predetermined procedures and guidelines

3. Incident Management Elements • Problem-Solving Process • Analyzing the incident • Information gathering • Planning the response • Determine specific strategic goals • Implementing the response • Use tactical objectives and assignment of tasks • Evaluating the progress • Feed back loop

4. Incident Management Elements • Incident Command or Management Systems • Common terminology • Modular organization • Integrated communication • Unified command structure • Consolidated action plans • Manageable span of control

5. Incident Management Elements • Incident Command or Management Systems • NFPA 1561 • Standard on Emergency Services Incident Management System • OSHA 29 CFR 1910.120 • Hazardous Waste Site Operations and Emergency Response (HAZWOPER) • Mandates the implementation of an incident command system

6. Incident Management Elements • Elements of an Incident Management System • Command • Is the function of directing, ordering, and controlling resources • Strategic level • Entails the overall direction and goals of the incident • Tactical level • Identifies the objectives that the tactical-level supervisor / officer must achieve • Task Level • Describes specific tasks needed

7. Incident Management Elements • Elements of an Incident Management System • Safety Officer • OSHA mandates the appointment of a dedicated safety officer at hazardous materials incidents • Liaison Officer • Public Information Officer

8. Incident Management Elements • Elements of an Incident Management System • Incident Commander • The IC is the officer at the top of an incident chain of command • In overall charge of the incident • Responsible for everything that takes place • Formulates the incident action plan (IAP) • Most establish a command post • May delegate command functions to others

9. Incident Management Elements • Elements of an Incident Management System • Operations Section • Responsible for the direct management of all • Tactical activities • Tactical priorities • Safety and welfare of personnel • Operations section chief reports directly to the IC

10. Incident Management Elements • Elements of an Incident Management System • Planning Section • Responsible for gathering, assimilating, analyzing and processing information needed to effective decision-making • Resource unit • Situation unit • Documentation unit • Demobilization unit • Technical specialists

11. Incident Management Elements • Elements of an Incident Management System • Logistics Section • Is the support mechanism for the organization • Provides services and support systems to all the organizational components • Incident facilities • Transportation needs • Supplies • Equipment • Fueling supplies • Meals

12. Incident Management Elements • Elements of an Incident Management System • Finance / Administration Section • Established on incidents when agencies involved have a specific need for financial services • Time unit • Procurement unit • Compensation / claims unit • Cost unit

13. Incident Management Elements • Elements of an Incident Management System • Staging Area • Is where personnel and equipment wait for an assignment • Keeps the responders and equipment a short distance from the scene until they are needed

14. Incident Management Elements • Elements of an Incident Management System • Resources • Personnel • Equipment • Major pieces of apparatus • May consist of • Individuals units • Strike teams

15. Incident Management Elements • Elements of an Incident Management System • Incident Action Plan (IAP) • Is the plan for managing the emergency • A plan is needed on every incident

16. Incident Management Elements • Elements of an Incident Management System • Incident Command Establishment and Transfer • First person or ranking person on scene • Establishes command • Must have incident management training • Must be at least trained to the hazardous materials operations level • Can only be transferred to someone on the scene • Must give a situation status report • In most cases there is only one IC

17. Incident Management Elements • Elements of an Incident Management System • Unified Command • All agencies that have a jurisdictional responsibility at a multijurisdictional incident contribute to the following • Incident objectives • Select strategies • Joint planning • Integrate tactical operations • Use assigned resources effectively

18. Incident Management Elements • Haz-Mat Positions with an Incident Management System • Hazardous Materials Group/Sector Supervisor • Directs the primary tactical functions • Entry Leader • Supervises all companies and personnel operating in the hazardous area • Decontamination Leader • Supervises operations in the scene-control zone where decontamination is conducted

19. Incident Management Elements • Haz-Mat Positions with an Incident Management System • Site Access Control Leader • Controls all movement of personnel and equipment between the control zones • Assistant Safety Officer • Is responsible for the overall safety of assigned personnel with the hazardous materials group • Reports directly to the safety officer

20. Incident Management Elements • Haz-Mat Positions with an Incident Management System • Technical Specialist • Is responsible for providing technical information • Safe Refuge Area Manager • Is responsible for evaluating and prioritizing victims for treatment • Collecting information from the victims • Prevent the spread of contamination

21. Incident Management Elements • Predetermined Procedures and Emergency Response Plans • Communications • Radio procedures • Simple English • Transmit only essential information • Use appropriate number of channels • Requesting additional help • Know what is available • Emergency radio traffic • Mayday / Urgent message to command

22. Incident Management Elements • Predetermined Procedures and Emergency Response Plans • Communications • Evacuation signals • Radio message • Audible tones • Air horns • External communications • Communications between on-site and off-site personnel • Phone • Radio • Fax

23. Incident Management Elements • Predetermined Procedures and Emergency Response Plans • Communications • Internal communications • Information shared on scene • Telecommunicator • Must not filter, edit, delete, or change the information that they receive

24. Incident Management Elements • Levels of Incidents • NFPA 471, Recommended Practice for Responding to Hazardous Materials Incidents • Level I • Least serious • Small amount of product • Level II • Beyond the capabilities of the first responder • Require the services of a formal haz mat response team • Level III • The most serious of all haz mat incidents • Requires resources from state and federal agencies

25. Incident Management Elements • Safety Procedures • Accountability systems / tracking resources • One of the most important functions of an incident management system • Procedure for checking in • Way of identifying and tracking the location of each unit • Accountability • Procedures for releasing people, equipment and apparatus

26. Incident Management Elements • Safety Procedures • Buddy systems and backup personnel • Mandated by NFPA and OSHA • Buddy system • Way of organizing personnel into workgroups in such a manner that each member has a buddy or partner • Backup personnel • Standing ready with rescue equipment available

27. Incident Management Elements • Problem-Solving Process • Step 1: Understand the problem • Information gathering phase • Step 2: Devise a plan • Planning phase • Step 3: Carry out the plan • Implementation phase • Step 4: Look back • Evaluation phase

28. Incident Management Elements • Problem-Solving Process • Analyzing the Incident / Understanding the Problem • Key piece of information needed is the identity of the material • Where is the incident in relation to population? • Is the incident scene inside a building or outside? • What are the hazardous materials? • What concentrations are involved? • How could the material react? • Is it a liquid, solid, or gas spill? • Is something burning?

29. Incident Management Elements • Problem-Solving Process • Analyzing the Incident / Understanding the Problem • Size-up • The assessment of incident conditions • Recognition of cues indicating problems • Potential problems of the incident • Hazard and risk assessment • Dangers • Risks • Hazards

30. Incident Management Elements • Problem-Solving Process • Analyzing the Incident / Understanding the Problem • Size-up • Must consider all six sides of an incident • Alpha • Bravo • Charlie • Delta • Top • Bottom

31. Incident Management Elements • Problem-Solving Process • General Hazardous Materials Behavior Model • Hazardous materials • Things that can escape from their containers and hurt or harm the things that they touch • Chain of events • Stress • Breach • Release • Dispersion / Engulfment • Exposure / Contact • Harm

32. Incident Management Elements • Problem-Solving Process • General Hazardous Materials Behavior Model • Hazardous materials • Things that can escape from their containers and hurt or harm the things that they touch • Chain of events • Stress • Breach • Release • Dispersion / Engulfment • Exposure / Contact • Harm

33. Incident Management Elements • Problem-Solving Process • General Hazardous Materials Behavior Model • Stress • Stimulus causing strain • Tension or compression • Pressure • Force applied at right angles • Deformity • Distortion by torque or twisting

34. Incident Management Elements • Problem-Solving Process • General Hazardous Materials Behavior Model • ¼ of all haz mat incidents are caused by container failure • Preventing container failure may require reducing the stress • Common stressors • Thermal • Chemical • Mechanical

35. Incident Management Elements • Problem-Solving Process • General Hazardous Materials Behavior Model • Breach • When a container is stressed beyond its limits of recovery • Opens or breaches • Releases its contents

36. Incident Management Elements • Problem-Solving Process • General Hazardous Materials Behavior Model • Breach • Types • Disintegration • Loss of integrity • Glass bottle shattering • Runaway cracking • Crack develops in a container as a result of some type of damage • Attachments (closures) open or break • Valves open or damaged

37. Incident Management Elements • Problem-Solving Process • General Hazardous Materials Behavior Model • Breach • Types • Puncture • Mechanical stress coming into contact with the container • Split or tear • Welded seam on a tank or drum fails • Metal reduction • Corrosive action of an acid on steel

38. Incident Management Elements • Problem-Solving Process • General Hazardous Materials Behavior Model • Release • Container fails three possible releases can occur • Product • Energy • Container • Whole or in pieces

39. Incident Management Elements • Problem-Solving Process • General Hazardous Materials Behavior Model • Release • Classified bases on how fast they occur • Detonation • Instantaneous and explosive • Violent rupture • Immediate release • Runaway crack • BLEVE • Rapid relief • Fast relief of a pressurized material • Spill / leak • Slow release of a material

40. Incident Management Elements • Problem-Solving Process • General Hazardous Materials Behavior Model • Dispersion / Engulfment • Release of product • Hemispheric • Semicircular or dome-shaped pattern

41. Incident Management Elements • Problem-Solving Process • General Hazardous Materials Behavior Model • Dispersion / Engulfment • Release of product • Cloud • Ball shaped pattern

42. Incident Management Elements • Problem-Solving Process • General Hazardous Materials Behavior Model • Dispersion / Engulfment • Release of product • Plume • Irregularly shaped pattern

43. Incident Management Elements • Problem-Solving Process • General Hazardous Materials Behavior Model • Dispersion / Engulfment • Release of product • Cone • Triangular-shaped pattern

44. Incident Management Elements • Problem-Solving Process • General Hazardous Materials Behavior Model • Dispersion / Engulfment • Release of product • Stream • Surface-following pattern of liquid material

45. Incident Management Elements • Problem-Solving Process • General Hazardous Materials Behavior Model • Dispersion / Engulfment • Release of product • Pool • Three-dimensional • Takes the shape of the container

46. Incident Management Elements • Problem-Solving Process • General Hazardous Materials Behavior Model • Dispersion / Engulfment • Release of product • Irregular • Cross contamination

47. Incident Management Elements • Problem-Solving Process • General Hazardous Materials Behavior Model • Exposure / Contact • People • Environment • Property • Timeframes • Immediate - Milliseconds • Short-term - Minutes / hours • Medium-term - Days / weeks • Long-term - Years, generations

48. Incident Management Elements • Planning the Response / Setting Strategic Goals: Incident Action Plan • 1. Isolation • 2. Notification • 3. Identification • 4. Protection • 5. Spill control / confinement • 6. Leak control / containment • 7. Fire control • 8. Recovery / termination

49. Incident Management Elements • Planning the Response / Setting Strategic Goals: Incident Action Plan • Strategies • Defensive • Confinement • Offensive • Plugging the leak • Nonintervention • Incident runs is course

50. Incident Management Elements • Planning the Response / Setting Strategic Goals: Incident Action Plan • Isolation zones • Hot • Exclusion • Warm • Reduction • Cold • Support