Bell Ringer

1. Bell Ringer “So far as man thinks, he is free. Thought takes man out of servitude into freedom.” -Ralph Waldo Emerson What does he mean? How does this pertain post revolutionary America?

2. American Romanticism 1800 - 1860 & American Renaissance/Transcendentalism 1840 - 1860

3. Historical Context • Expansion of magazines, newspapers, and book publishing • Slavery debates • Industrial Revolution • “Old ways” were not working anymore

4. Major Concepts • Connection to God through nature; not necessarily through traditional Christian dogma • Nature over civilization • Imagination over science • Feeling over reason • Allowed people to re-imagine the American past

5. Style • Poetry • Short stories • Novels • Essays

6. Groups • The Pessimists • - Edgar Allan Poe • - Nathaniel Hawthorne • - Herman Melville • The Optimists • William Cullen Bryant • Emily Dickinson • Walt Whitman • Robert Frost • The Transcendentalists • - Ralph Waldo Emerson • - Henry David Thoreau

7. William Cullen Bryant • Poet • Editor of New York Evening Post • Lawyer • Spent five years translating Homer’s The Iliad and The Odyssey • “Thanatopisis” was his first published work.

8. Bell Ringer Based on what we have read of “Thanatopsis,” what is Bryant’s take on death? Please support your answer. The poem is on page 191.

9. Thanotopsis • Notes Sheets • Finish poem • Discuss

10. Washington Irving • Author and Historian • Legitimate writer • Among first famous Am. Writers • “Legend of Sleepy Hollow” • Created “Gotham” • Created phrase “almighty dollar.” • Pseudonym: DiedrichKnickerbocker

11. Half piece of paper. Hug a tree. Sit quietly. November 22, 2011

12. Mood • The overall feeling or atmosphere of a story, play or poem. • What is the mood of this story? Why?

13. Bell Ringer What would a Puritan’s idea of Thanksgiving be? What about a Romantic’s idea? Please support both answers. Hand your homework up and over.

14. Allegory • A symbolical narrative Examples: Lord of the Flies – Discusses how culture created by man fails Lion King - Tells the story of Hamlet The Devil and Tom Walker – ??? – Get into groups and figure it out…

15. Group Work • Please read the criticism. From this criticism, please discuss and write answers to the following questions on a separate sheet: • Irving’s view on culture • History surrounding the story • What could TDATW be an allegory for? • What is a criticism of TDATW?

16. Bell Ringer Today’s author belongs to the Optimist sub-group of American Romantic writers. What can we expect from this person’s writing?

17. Emily Dickinson • Introvert • Most famous poetry was published after she died • Heavily edited • Unaltered versions published in 1955 • Lived in seclusion • Best writing

18. Style • Short lines • Typically lack titles • Unconventional capitalization and punctuation. • Specific Themes

19. Assignment (Due tomorrow) • Full Group: • “Because I could not stop for death” • Small Groups: • “If you were coming in the fall” Both versions • What are some differences brought forth by the edits? • “Apparently with no surprise” • What is the tone of this poem? Support your answer. • Individually: • “I heard a fly buzz – when I died” • What do you expect from the moment when we cannot “see to see” (last moment before death)? • Follow these prompts: • Please supply a summary (at least one sentence) for each poem. • What are common themes across all of Dickinson’s poetry? • List 2 literary devices (and examples of each) that Dickinson uses. • Do you like Dickinson’s poetry? Why or why not?

20. Bell Ringer What are some buzz words that Emily Dickinson uses to imply her tone? Please supply three examples from yesterday’s poems. Yes, please answer in complete sentences. Homework out, please.

21. Dickinson • Let’s chat. • Please refer to your hw.

22. Assignment (Due tomorrow) • Full Group: • “Because I could not stop for death” • Small Groups: • “If you were coming in the fall” Both versions • What are some differences brought forth by the edits? • “Apparently with no surprise” • What is the tone of this poem? Support your answer. • Individually: • “I heard a fly buzz – when I died” • What do you expect from the moment when we cannot “see to see” (last moment before death)? • Follow these prompts: • Please supply a summary (at least one sentence) for each poem. • What are common themes across all of Dickinson’s poetry? • List 2 literary devices (and examples of each) that Dickinson uses. • Do you like Dickinson’s poetry? Why or why not?

23. I’ve got a fever…

24. Come on baby...don't fear the reaperBaby take my hand...don't fear the reaperWe'll be able to fly...don't fear the reaperBaby I'm your man...Love of two is oneHere but now they're goneCame the last night of sadnessAnd it was clear she couldn't go onThen the door was open and the wind appearedThe candles blew then disappearedThe curtains flew then he appeared...saying don't be afraidCome on baby...and she had no fearAnd she ran to him...then they started to flyThey looked backward and said goodbye...she had become like they areShe had taken his hand...she had become like they areCome on baby...don't fear the reaper All our times have comeHere but now they're goneSeasons don't fear the reaperNor do the wind, the sun or the rain..we can be like they areCome on baby...don't fear the reaperBaby take my hand...don't fear the reaperWe'll be able to fly...don't fear the reaperBaby I'm your man...Valentine is doneHere but now they're goneRomeo and JulietAre together in eternity...Romeo and Juliet40,000 men and women everyday...Like Romeo and Juliet40,000 men and women everyday...Redefine happiness Another 40,000 coming everyday...We can be like they are

25. Bell Ringer This is my letter to the world,    That never wrote to me,— The simple news that Nature told,    With tender majesty.    Her message is committed To hands I cannot see -- For love of her -- sweet -- countrymen,    Judge tenderly -- of me. -Emily Dickinson 1. How does this poem differ from others by Dickinson? 2. To whom is the “letter” addressed (hint in blue)? Explain. 3. What is her request of her audience (hint in red)? Explain. 4. Please read Independent Reading book upon completion.

26. Bell Ringer “The words of my book nothing, the drift of it everything.” -Walt Whitman • What is the “drift” of a book? • How does he feel about his own literature? • Please read your IRB when you finish.

27. Walt Whitman • “Father of Free Verse” • “Poet of Democracy” • Teacher • Clerk • Volunteer Nurse during the American Civil War • Edited Leaves of Grass from 1850 to his death in 1892

28. What others have said about Whitman… "You cannot really understand America without Walt Whitman…” “If you are American, then Walt Whitman is your imaginative father and mother, even if you have never composed a line of verse.” "America's poet... He is America.”

29. Bell Ringer Choose an experience from your weekend. Write a stanza (4-6 lines) as if it were Whitman who experienced it and wrote about it.

30. Song of Myself 33

31. Song of Myself 33

32. Bell Ringer Half sheet of paper. Hug a tree.

33. Bell Ringer Look back on time with kindly eyes, He doubtless did his best; How softly sinks his trembling sun In human nature’s west! Was this written by Dickinson or Whitman? What, from class discussion, helps you be sure of your answer?

34. Bell Ringer What do you consider to be the primary difference between the writing styles of Whitman and Dickinson? What do you consider to be the primary similarity between the two?

35. Do you take good notes…? • Let’s find out. • Quick check for understanding • 15 points • Open notes

36. Bell Ringer Please have your homework out and be ready for discussion.

37. Dark Romantics(Pessimists) • Man is “prone to sin and self destruct” • Often write about people’s failure to change • Guilt and suspicion • Apparent facial hair competition

38. Nathaniel Hawthorne(1804-1864) • First works published anonymously • Reclusive • Historical Romance • Psychological Themes • Symbolism • Despised Transcendtalism

39. Education? “I was educated (as the phrase is) at Bowdoin College. I was an idle student, negligent of college rules and the Procrustean details of academic life, rather choosing to nurse my own fancies than to dig into Greek roots and be numbered among the learned Thebans.” -Nathaniel Hawthorne

40. Bell Ringer What are three key concepts/philosophies that can be found in most Dark Romantic Writing?

41. The Minister’s Black Veil • Groups • Discuss

42. Bell Ringer Nathaniel Hawthorne is known for having “psychological themes” in his writings. What is a psychological theme of “The Minister’s Black Veil?” Please supply the theme and explain what it means to us, as readers. What statement is Hawthorne making about humans, in general?

43. Minister’s Black Veil • Yesterday’s notes • Dark Romantic? • Symbols? • Allegory? • Worksheet

44. Bell Ringer Happiness is a butterfly, which when pursued, is always just beyond your grasp, but which, if you will sit down quietly, may alight upon you. -Nathaniel Hawthorne What does this quote mean? Do you agree or disagree with Hawthorne? Why or why not?

45. Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment • What do all of his friends have in common? • Discuss each character’s situation. • What is the experiment?

46. Character Changes? Describe the scene after the third round.

47. Bell Ringer Gothic language is an author’s use of descriptive, dark or grotesque language to paint an image for his or her reader. (Write this down somewhere) Please supply an example of gothic language from Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment.

48. Character Changes? Describe the scene after the third round.

49. Hmmm… Allegory? • Wrath • Greed • Sloth • Pride • Lust • Envy • Gluttony Try to figure out how these concepts all fit into Dr. Heidegger’s Experiment.

50. Edgar Allan Poe(1809-1849) • Master of Psychological Thriller • Poor • Orphaned young • Married his 13 year old cousin – she died soon after. • Found dead at age 40 – no one knows how he died.