Weather & Climate

1. Weather & Climate Mr. Skirbst Life Science Topic 20

2. Weather

3. Weather The condition of the atmosphere in terms of heat, pressure, wind, and moisture

4. Atmosphere - Mixture of gases surrounding the Earth

5. Atmosphere - Mixture of gases surrounding the Earth - Four (4) distinct layers in the atmosphere

6. 4 Layers of Atmosphere Troposphere – (0 to 16 km) - lowest layer where most weather takes place - av. Temp. decreases - Tropopause is top boundary

7. 4 Layers of Atmosphere Stratosphere – (16 – 48 km) - Ozone layer absorbs UV light - Av. Temp. increases - Stratopause is top boundary

8. 4 Layers of Atmosphere Mesosphere – (48 – 80 km) - Protects us from meteoroids - Av. Temp. decreases (-100oC) - Mesopause is top boundary

9. 4 Layers of Atmosphere Thermosphere– (80 - 3200 km) - Av. Temp. increases (>2000oC) - Lower layer – Ionosphere - bounces radio signals - Upper layer – Exosphere - satellites orbit here

10. Heat Energy -The sun is the sources of most of the heat in the atmosphere

11. Heat Energy -The sun is the sources of most of the heat in the atmosphere - Heat is spread in 3 ways:

12. Heat Energy -The sun is the sources of most of the heat in the atmosphere - Heat is spread in 3 ways: 1. Radiation – transfer by waves

13. Heat Energy -The sun is the sources of most of the heat in the atmosphere - Heat is spread in 3 ways: 1. Radiation – transfer by waves 2. Conduction – by contact

14. Heat Energy -The sun is the sources of most of the heat in the atmosphere - Heat is spread in 3 ways: 1. Radiation – transfer by waves 2. Conduction – by contact 3. Convection – by fluid (air too)

15. Heat Energy

16. Heat Energy Greenhouse Effect:

17. Air Pressure • Force of atmosphere pushing on the Earth’s surface • Depends on air’s density

18. Air Pressure • Force of atmosphere pushing on the Earth’s surface • Depends on air’s density • 3 factors affecting air pressure

19. Air Pressure • Temperature - as temp increases, air pressure decreases

20. Air Pressure • Water Vapor - moisture in air - as water vapor increases, air pressure decreases

21. Air Pressure • Altitude - elevation above sea level - as altitude increases, air pressure decreases

22. Wind - Movement of air due to differences in air pressure resulting from unequal heating of the atmosphere

23. Wind 2 Types of wind: • Local Wind (short distances)

24. Wind 2 Types of wind: • Local Wind (short distances) Sea breeze – from sea to land

25. Wind 2 Types of wind: • Local Wind (short distances) Sea breeze – from sea to land Land breeze – from land to sea

26. Wind 2 Types of wind: 2. Global Wind (long distances) Coriolis Effect – shift in movement above surface resulting from Earth’s spin

27. Wind Coriolis Effect: Northern Hemisphere – Shift is always to the RIGHT

28. Wind Coriolis Effect: Northern Hemisphere – Shift is always to the RIGHT Southern Hemisphere – Shift is always to the LEFT

29. Wind Coriolis Effect:

30. Wind Global Wind Patterns:

31. Humidity Moisture in the air (water vapor)

32. Humidity Moisture in the air (water vapor) Relative Humidity – a measure of the amount of moisture % RH = moisture in air Moisture air can hold

33. Humidity Psychrometer – instrument with a dry and wet bulb used to measure relative humidity

34. Clouds Collection of condensed moisture in the air (moisture condenses to dust particles)

35. Clouds 3 Types of Clouds:

36. Clouds 3 Types of Clouds: 1. Cumulus – white, tall and fluffy

37. Clouds 3 Types of Clouds: 2. Stratus – grey, flat and layered

38. Clouds 3 Types of Clouds: 3. Cirrus – feathery, high + wispy

39. Precipitation Rain Snow Sleet Hail Freezing rain Acid Rain

40. Weather Forcasting Weather map symbols Buy’s Ballots Law Orographic Effect

41. Climate General weather in an area over a long period of time