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ATC Weather Briefing

ATC Weather Briefing. Provided by: Fort Rucker Weather Operations (FRWXOPS). Overview. Weather Equipment What’s New Observations METAR SPECI Pilot Reports Cooperative Weather Watch Weather Watches/Warnings/Advisories. Objectives.

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ATC Weather Briefing

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  1. ATC Weather Briefing Provided by: Fort Rucker Weather Operations (FRWXOPS)

  2. Overview • Weather Equipment • What’s New • Observations • METAR • SPECI • Pilot Reports • Cooperative Weather Watch • Weather Watches/Warnings/Advisories

  3. Objectives • To ensure all ATC personnel are able to take limited weather observations • To ensure all ATC personnel understand the Cooperative Weather Watch program • To educate all ATC personnel about the weather equipment in the local flying area • To educate all ATC personnel about the watches, warnings, and advisories issued for the local flying area

  4. References • AFMAN 15-111 • FMH-1 • TC 3-04.81 • Fort Rucker Regulation 115-1 • AFMAN 15-124

  5. The Local Flying Area 60NM: MEF (MISSION EXECUTION FORECAST) 100NM: DD 175-1 150NM: CONTINUATION SHEET

  6. Weather Equipment – Cairns AAF • FMQ-19 • An automated system that automatically generates observations • Supplemented/backed up by forecaster IAW Air Force directives • LOCAL observations no longer exist

  7. Weather Equipment – Cairns AAF • FMQ-19 supplemented per AF policy • Supplement: To manually provide wx elements that are beyond the system’s capability to measure/report • Tornado/Funnel Cloud/Waterspout • Volcanic Ash • Sandstorms/Duststorms • Hail • Ice Pellets • Snow Depth

  8. Weather Equipment – Cairns AAF • FMQ-19 backed up per AF policy • Back up: To manually provide wx elements when automated sensors are malfunctioning and are operationally significant • Wind speed/direction • Visibility/present wx • Temperature/dew point • Sky cover up to and including 25,000 ft • Altimeter • Lightning location • Layer of clouds or obscuration below 600 ft

  9. Weather Equipment – Cairns AAF • JET (Joint Environmental Toolkit) • Web-based system that integrates ATC/Ops/Wx functions • Area observations; WWAs; altimeter; and winds • Available to Base Fields, ARAC, HUB via AAAS • Available to Stage Fields via internet

  10. Weather Equipment – Cairns AAF • https://owsjet26.us.af.mil/portal/private/GuestFtRucker

  11. Weather Equipment – Lowe AHP • ASOS (Automated Surface Observing System) • An automated system that automatically generates observations • FMQ-13 • Measures wind speed/direction at the Tower • JET is available via AAAS

  12. Weather Equipment – Hanchey AHP • ASOS (Automated Surface Observing System) • An automated system that automatically generates observations • FMQ-13 • Measures wind speed/direction at the Tower • JET is available via AAAS

  13. Weather Equipment – Shell AHP • TMOS (Tactical Meteorological Observing System) • An automated system that automatically generates observations • FMQ-13 • Measures wind speed/direction at the Tower • JET is available via AAAS

  14. Weather Equipment – Stage Fields • FMQ-13 • Measures wind speed/direction at the Tower • JET is available via internet

  15. What’s New • MEF Amendment Advisory • Shows up on AAAS/JET to quickly alert ATC agencies of MEF amendments

  16. What’s New • Weather Information Frequency (WIF) • FRWXOPS will broadcast details about all MEF amendments on 348.8 (VHF) • PMSV frequency of 134.1 (UHF) remains unchanged

  17. What’s New • Backup Wx Page (Obs, WWAs, Wind, ALSTG) • Use when JET/AAAS weather is inop • No CAC required (cancel if prompted for certificate) https://jetkozr.rucker.army.mil/atc

  18. What’s New • Backup WWA Page (WWAs only) http://www.rucker.army.mil/weather/PRODUCT%20DROP/WWA.htm

  19. What’s New • Social Media • Facebook (ftruckerwx) • Twitter (@ftruckerwx) • Free Mobile App (www.ftrucker.mobi) • Why social media? • Fastest way to get wx updates at remote locations

  20. Types of Observations • METAR • A routine scheduled observation that contains a complete report of wind, visibility, runway visual range, present weather and obscurations, sky condition, temperature, dew point, and altimeter. • Reported between 55 and 59 past each hour. • SPECI • An unscheduled observation completed and transmitted as soon as possible when any special criteria has been observed. • Contain all data elements found in a METAR plus additional remarks that elaborate on data in the body of the report. • Decoded just like a METAR

  21. Observations Let’s look at an example KOZR METAR 1155Z AUTO 22010G17KT 1/2SM +RA BR FEW004 BKN008 OVC015 04/04 ALSTG 30.06 RMK PA +172 DA +41 AO2 RAB1115 P0013 60051 70155 T00380037 53002

  22. Observations KOZR METAR 1155Z AUTO 22010G17KT 1/2SM +RA BR FEW004 BKN008 OVC015 04/04 ALSTG 30.06 RMK PA +172 DA +41 AO2 RAB1115 P0013 60051 70155 T00380037 53002 This is an hourly (METAR) report for Cairns AAF (KOZR).

  23. Observations KOZR METAR 1155Z AUTO 22010G17KT 1/2SM +RA BR FEW004 BKN008 OVC015 04/04 ALSTG 30.06 RMK PA +172 DA +41 AO2 RAB1115 P0013 60051 70155 T00380037 53002 The time of the observation is the 1155Z.

  24. Observations KOZR METAR 1155Z AUTO 22010G17KT 1/2SM +RA BR FEW004 BKN008 OVC015 04/04 ALSTG 30.06 RMK PA +172 DA +41 AO2 RAB1115 P0013 60051 70155 T00380037 53002 The observation is from an automated reporting site.

  25. Observations KOZR METAR 1155Z AUTO 22010G17KT 1/2SM +RA BR FEW004 BKN008 OVC015 04/04 ALSTG 30.06 RMK PA +172 DA +41 AO2 RAB1115 P0013 60051 70155 T00380037 53002 The winds are from 220° (SW) at 10 knots (KT) with gusts (G) to 17.

  26. Observations KOZR METAR 1155Z AUTO 22010G17KT 1/2SM +RA BR FEW004 BKN008 OVC015 04/04 ALSTG 30.06 RMK PA +172 DA +41 AO2 RAB1115 P0013 60051 70155 T00380037 53002 The visibility is 1/2 statute miles (SM).

  27. Observations KOZR METAR 1155Z AUTO 22010G17KT 1/2SM +RA BR FEW004 BKN008 OVC015 04/04 ALSTG 30.06 RMK PA +172 DA +41 AO2 RAB1115 P0013 60051 70155 T00380037 53002 The present weather is heavy rain (+RA) and mist (BR).

  28. Observations KOZR METAR 1155Z AUTO 22010G17KT 1/2SM +RA BR FEW004 BKN008 OVC015 04/04 ALSTG 30.06 RMK PA +172 DA +41 AO2 RAB1115 P0013 60051 70155 T00380037 53002 The sky condition is FEW at 400 feet (FEW004), BKN at 800 feet (BKN008), and overcast at 1500 feet (OVC015). Note: cloud bases are reported in AGL.

  29. Observations KOZR METAR 1155Z AUTO 22010G17KT 1/2SM +RA BR FEW004 BKN008 OVC015 04/04 ALSTG 30.06 RMK PA +172 DA +41 AO2 RAB1115 P0013 60051 70155 T00380037 53002 The temperature is 04°, and the dew point is 04° (Celsius).

  30. Observations KOZR METAR 1155Z AUTO 22010G17KT 1/2SM +RA BR FEW004 BKN008 OVC015 04/04 ALSTG 30.06 RMK PA +172 DA +41 AO2 RAB1115 P0013 60051 70155 T00380037 53002 The altimeter is 30.06. One of the quirks of AAAS is that it drops any trailing zeroes in the altimeter. For instance, an altimeter of 30.10 would show up as 30.1.

  31. Observations KOZR METAR 1155Z AUTO 22010G17KT 1/2SM +RA BR FEW004 BKN008 OVC015 04/04 ALSTG 30.06 RMK PA +172 DA +41 AO2 RAB1115 P0013 60051 70155 T00380037 53002 The remarks include: Pressure Altitude (PA +172) Density Altitude (DA +41) Both of these are in ft.

  32. Observations KOZR METAR 1155Z AUTO 22010G17KT 1/2SM +RA BR FEW004 BKN008 OVC015 04/04 ALSTG 30.06 RMK PA +172 DA +41 AO2 RAB1115 P0013 60051 70155 T00380037 53002 The AO2 indicates the observation is generated from an automated system with no human intervention. AO2A would indicate that the observation is being augmented.

  33. Observations KOZR METAR 1155Z AUTO 22010G17KT 1/2SM +RA BR FEW004 BKN008 OVC015 04/04 ALSTG 30.06 RMK PA +172 DA +41 AO2 RAB1115 P0013 60051 70155 T00380037 53002 The rest of the remarks are generally useless outside the Weather Station. Rain Began at 1115Z.

  34. Observations KOZR METAR 1155Z AUTO 22010G17KT 1/2SM +RA BR FEW004 BKN008 OVC015 04/04 ALSTG 30.06 RMK PA +172 DA +41 AO2 RAB1115 P0013 60051 70155 T00380037 53002 The hourly precipitation amount was .13”.

  35. Observations KOZR METAR 1155Z AUTO 22010G17KT 1/2SM +RA BR FEW004 BKN008 OVC015 04/04 ALSTG 30.06 RMK PA +172 DA +41 AO2 RAB1115 P0013 60051 70155 T00380037 53002 The 6-hourly precipitation was .51”.

  36. Observations KOZR METAR 1155Z AUTO 22010G17KT 1/2SM +RA BR FEW004 BKN008 OVC015 04/04 ALSTG 30.06 RMK PA +172 DA +41 AO2 RAB1115 P0013 60051 70155 T00380037 53002 The 24-hourly precipitation was 1.55”.

  37. Observations KOZR METAR 1155Z AUTO 22010G17KT 1/2SM +RA BR FEW004 BKN008 OVC015 04/04 ALSTG 30.06 RMK PA +172 DA +41 AO2 RAB1115 P0013 60051 70155T00380037 53002 The temperature and dew point, on the hour, were 3.8° and 3.7° (Celsius).

  38. Observations KOZR METAR 1155Z AUTO 22010G17KT 1/2SM +RA BR FEW004 BKN008 OVC015 04/04 ALSTG 30.06 RMK PA +172 DA +41 AO2 RAB1115 P0013 60051 70155 T00380037 53002 This is the pressure tendency group, reported every 3 hours.

  39. SPECI Criteria • A SPECI is required when the ceiling crosses the following thresholds: 3000 feet 600 feet 2000 feet 500 feet 1500 feet 400 feet 1000 feet 300 feet 800 feet 200 feet 700 feet 100 feet A layer of clouds or obscuring phenomena aloft is present at or below 600 feet and no layer was reported in the preceding METAR or SPECI.

  40. SPECI Criteria • A SPECI is required when the prevailing visibility crosses the following thresholds: 3 SM 1 SM 2 SM ¾ SM 1 ½ SM ½ SM 1 ¼ SM ¼ SM

  41. SPECI Criteria • A SPECI is required when: • A thunderstorm begins or ends • A squall occurs. A squall is when the wind speed suddenly increases by 16 knots or more and exceeds 22 knots for at least 1 minute. • Wind shift. The wind direction changes of 45° or more in less than 15 minutes with sustained winds or gusts of 10 knots or more throughout the shift.

  42. SPECI Criteria • A SPECI is required when: • Hail begins or ends • Freezing precipitation begins, ends, or changes intensity • Any other type of precipitation begins or ends

  43. SPECI Criteria • A SPECI is required when the Runway Visual Range (RVR) from the active runway (RWY 06) crosses the following thresholds: 2000 feet 5000 feet 2400 feet 6000 feet 4000 feet RVR conditions are unavailable (RVRNO), are first determined, or when RVRNO is no longer applicable. Prevailing visibility is first observed to be ≤ 1 SM and again when prevailing visibility goes above 1 SM

  44. SPECI Criteria • A SPECI is required when: • A tornado or funnel cloud appears or disappears from sight Note: Because the KOZR observations are automated and a running log is archived, a SPECI is NOT required for an aircraft accident/mishap unless the FMQ-19 is down.

  45. Pilot Reports (PIREPs) • A PIREP is defined as a report of meteorological phenomena encountered by aircraft in flight • Required fields include • Message type • Location • Time • Flight Level • Aircraft type • One other element such as • Sky cover • Weather • Temperature • Winds • Hazards (Turbulence, Icing)

  46. Pilot Reports (PIREPs) • All PIREPs received by ATC agencies must be passed immediately to the Weather Station Let’s look at an example. KOZR UA /OV KEDN090025/TM 1245/FL020/TP H60/SK SCT005-TOP010 BKN-OVC015-TOPUNKN/ WX FV03SM -RA/TA 05/WV 18015KT/RM LIGHT CHOP ON TAKEOFF

  47. Pilot Reports (PIREPs) KOZR UA /OV KEDN090025/TM 1245/FL020/TP H60/SK SCT005-TOP010 BKN-OVC015-TOPUNKN/ WX FV03SM -RA/TA 05/WV 18015KT/RM LIGHT CHOP ON TAKEOFF The PIREP was disseminated by Cairns AAF (KOZR).

  48. Pilot Reports (PIREPs) KOZR UA /OV KEDN090025/TM 1245/FL020/TP H60/SK SCT005-TOP010 BKN-OVC015-TOPUNKN/ WX FV03SM -RA/TA 05/WV 18015KT/RM LIGHT CHOP ON TAKEOFF The PIREP is routine in nature (UA). UUA would indicate an urgent report.

  49. Pilot Reports (PIREPs) KOZR UA /OV KEDN090025/TM 1245/FL020/TP H60/SK SCT005-TOP010 BKN-OVC015-TOPUNKN/ WX FV03SM -RA/TA 05/WV 18015KT/RM LIGHT CHOP ON TAKEOFF The PIREP was from an aircrew located 25 SM E (090025) of Enterprise (KEDN).

  50. Pilot Reports (PIREPs) KOZR UA /OV KEDN090025/TM 1245/FL020/TP H60/SK SCT005-TOP010 BKN-OVC015-TOPUNKN/ WX FV03SM -RA/TA 05/WV 18015KT/RM LIGHT CHOP ON TAKEOFF The time of the PIREP was 1245Z.

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