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Hybrid Cars: How have they improved since introduction?

Hybrid Cars: How have they improved since introduction?. Aron Geelan Adam Kirkpatrick. Introduction. Definitions Electric vs. Internal Combustion Timeline for Hybrid technology development The Batteries Study: Insight vs. Prius The Future. Definitions.

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Hybrid Cars: How have they improved since introduction?

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  1. Hybrid Cars: How have they improved since introduction? Aron Geelan Adam Kirkpatrick

  2. Introduction • Definitions • Electric vs. Internal Combustion • Timeline for Hybrid technology development • The Batteries • Study: Insight vs. Prius • The Future

  3. Definitions • Combustion vs. Electric(http://auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car1.htm) • Parallel vs. Series Hybrid(http://auto.howstuffworks.com/hybrid-car2.htm) • Honda Insight • Toyota Prius • Full Hybrid • Mild Hybrid • Stop/Start Hybrid • Integrated Starter Alternator with Damping (ISAD) • Integrated Motor Assist (IMA) • Plug-in Hybrid

  4. Electric Motor • Lots of torque • Zero emissions • Tax breaks • No transmission needed • Starts more efficiently • Can turn off motor when you stop

  5. Gasoline • Higher energy density than batteries • 1,000 pounds of batteries = 1 gallon (7 pounds) of gas • Cheaper initial cost for car • Hybrids are $3500-5000 more • Reliable, more history

  6. Cost Per Mile Electric vs. Gas

  7. Timeline • 1839: First electric vehicle • 1886: Electric powered taxicab in England • 1890-1910: Significant improvements in battery technology (lead-acid, nickel-iron) • 1898: Ferdinand Porsche built a hybrid

  8. Timeline • 1900: Pieper introduced hybrid • 1905: Gas-Electric car • 1970’s: Arab oil embargo; hybrid VW Taxi • 1979: hybrid car built with lawnmower engine • 1991: US Advanced Battery Consortium launched major program to produce “super” battery

  9. Timeline • 1997: Toyota Prius available in Japan • 1999: Honda Insight released in US (70 mpg) • 2000: Toyota Prius available in US • 2002: Honda Civic Hybrid introduced • 2004: Toyota Prius II introduced; Ford Escape Hybrid introduced

  10. The Batteries Behind It All • Early Prius and Insight NiMH D Cells • Stick Arrangement • (http://www.peve.panasonic.co.jp/catalog/e_maru.html)

  11. Prismatic Ni-MH • 15% pack volume reduction • 25% pack weight reduction • Less battery module per pack number

  12. Metal Case Prismatic Ni-MH • Improvement • 14% less volume • 40% higher cooling (http://www.peve.panasonic.co.jp/catalog/e_kinnzoku.html)

  13. ECU • Electronic Control Unit • Regulates temperature and state of charge • Ensures safe and reliable driving http://www.peve.panasonic.co.jp/catalog/e_bms.html

  14. Study: Battery Usage and Thermal Performance of Prius and Insight • Honda Insight vs. Toyota Prius

  15. Charge, Discharge and SOC • http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy02osti/31306.pdf

  16. Battery Energy and Battery Temperatures

  17. Hybrid Cars Today Table 1. Light-Duty Hybrid Electric Vehicles OEM ModelBody StylePower TypeFuelDate Introduced/AnnouncedProduction Date Currently in Production DaimlerChrysler Ram Pickup Contractor Special Truck Mild Hybrid Diesel Nov-00 2004 (Limited) Ford Escape SUV Hybrid Gasoline Jan-01 2004 General Motors Silverado/Sierra Truck Mild Hybrid Gasoline Jan-01 2004 (Limited) Honda Accord Sedan IMA1 Hybrid Gasoline Jan-04 2005 Honda Insight Coupe IMA1 Hybrid Gasoline Dec-99 2000 Honda Civic Sedan IMA1 Hybrid Gasoline Jan-00 2002 Lexus RX400h SUV Hybrid Gasoline Jan-03 2005 Toyota Prius Sedan Parallel Hybrid Gasoline Jun-00 2000 Toyota Highlander SUV Hybrid Gasoline Jan-04 2005 Suzuki Twin Mini Hybrid Gasoline Nov-02 2003 (Japan) Toyota Estima Minivan Parallel Hybrid Gasoline Jun-01 In Japan Only Toyota Crown Sedan Mild Hybrid Gasoline Aug-01 In Japan Only Toyota Alphard Minivan Hybrid Gasoline Jul-03 In Japan Only Planned for Production Ford Fusion Sedan Full Hybrid Gasoline Apr-03 2006 General Motors Silverado/Sierra & Tahoe/Yukon Truck & SUV Strong Hybrid Gasoline Nov-03 2007 General Motors Equinox SUV Hybrid Gasoline Jan-03 2006 General Motors Malibu Sedan BAS2 Hybrid Gasoline Jan-03 2007 General Motors Graphyte SUV Full Hybrid Gasoline Jan-05 2006 Hyundai Click Sedan Hybrid Gasoline Nov-03 2005/06 (Korea) Mercury Mariner SUV Full Hybrid Gasoline Apr-04 2005 (limited) 2006 (full) Nissan Altima Sedan Hybrid Gasoline Jun-04 2006 Saturn Vue SUV BAS2 Hybrid Gasoline Jan-03 2006 Toyota Camry Sedan Unknown Gasoline Unknown Unknown Toyota Sienna Minivan Hybrid Gasoline 2003 2007 Recent Concepts - Production Plans Unknown Honda ASM Minivan IMA1 hybrid Gasoline Oct-03 Unknown Ford Focus C-MAX Sedan Hydrogen ICE Hydrogen Jul-04 Unknown Daewoo S3X SUV Unknown Unknown Oct-04 Unknown Opal Astra Sedan Unknown Diesel Jan-04 Unknown Mercury Meta One Unknown Hybrid Diesel Jan-04 Unknown Mercury Milan Unknown Unknown Unknown Jan-04 Unknown 1 Integrated motor assist. 2 Belt alternator starter. (Source: Collected by Robb Barnitt and Leslie Eudy, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, from various sources) Table from http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy05osti/37777.pdf

  18. Future of Hybrid • Hybrid buses • ~1,000 in use • Seattle • California • Tax Break Increase

  19. Future of Hybrid Cars Toyota Volta 3.3 liter V6 gas engine 408 horsepower 30 miles per gallon Toyota Hybrid Sports Car

  20. Summary • Definitions • Electric vs. Internal Combustion • Timeline for Hybrid technology development • The Batteries • Study: Insight vs. Prius • The Future

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