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Introduction to pathology

Introduction to pathology. Definition of pathology. It is the “ Scientific study of disease" . "scientific study of the molecular, cellular, tissue, or organ system response to injurious agents.". What is the Disease?.

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Introduction to pathology

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  1. Introduction to pathology

  2. Definition of pathology It is the “Scientific study of disease" . "scientific study of the molecular, cellular, tissue, or organ system response to injurious agents."

  3. What is the Disease? An abnormal alteration of structure or function in any part of the body.

  4. Basic Language of Pathology • Pathology is the study of suffering (Latin word ) ! – Logos = study – Pathos= suffering • • Etiology = Cause • • Pathogenesis = sequence of events • • Morphology = structural alterations in cells and tissues • – Gross = Changes in the tissue or organ • – Microscopy = Changes noted under a light microscope

  5. Classification of Diseases: • Developmental– genetic, congenital. • Acquired: *Inflammatory– Trauma, infections, immune, etc. *Neoplastic– tumors cancers *Degenerative– ageing. *Metabolic. *Iatrogenic: Drug induced.

  6. Learning Pathology: • General Pathology • Common changes in all tissues. e.g.. Inflammation, cancer, ageing, edema, hemorrhage ….etc. • Systemic Pathology • Discussing the pathologic mechanisms in relation to various organ systems e.g. CVS, CNS, GIT…..etc.

  7. Pathology focuses on 4 aspects of disease • ETIOLOGY:Cause of disease. • PATHOGENESIS: • Mechanisms of development of disease. • MORPHOLOGY: • The structural alterations induced in cell and tissues. • FUNCTIONAL CONSEQUENCES: • Functional results of the morphologic changes, as observed clinically.

  8. Pathology

  9. Pathology

  10. An etiologic agent: Is a factor (bacterium, virus, etc.) responsible for lesions or a disease state 1- Predisposing Causes of Disease: Factors which make an individual more susceptible to a disease (damp weather, poor ventilation, smoking , etc.) 2- Exciting Causes of Disease: Factors which are directly responsible for a disease (hypoxia, chemical agents…. etc.).

  11. Pathogenesis The sequence events in the response of the cells or tissues to the etiologic agent, from the initial stimulus to the ultimate expression of the disease,”from the time it is initiated to its final conclusion in recovery or death”

  12. The core of the science of pathology — the study the pathogenesis of the disease

  13. Morphology: Structural Changes • Gross & Microscopic. • Structural changes in disease. • Tumor in a cancer. • Ulcer in an infection. • Atrophy in dementia.

  14. Gross appearance: size, shape weight color consistency surface edge, section

  15. Prognosis • Expected outcome of the disease, It is the clinician's estimate of the severity and possible result of a disease.

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