Exploring Second/Foreign Language Reading

1. Exploring Second/Foreign Language Reading Dr. Teng-lung Peng E-mail: perngdl@yuntech.edu.tw http://mapleleaves.yah.tw

2. Different Approaches to Reading • Bottom-up Approach • Top-down Approach • Interactive Approach Reciprocal Teaching P: Prediction C: Clarification Q: Question S: Summary

3. Six Strategies when teaching ESL/EFL reading class • A: Activate prior/background knowledge • C: Cultivate vocabulary • T: Teach for comprehension • I: Increase reading rate • V: Verify reading strategies • E: Evaluate progress

4. Activate Prior/Background Knowledge • SQ3R survey question read recite review

5. Cultivate Vocabulary • Etymology prefix word root (base form of the verb) suffix e.g., im medi ate ly astro naut pesti cide

6. Teach for Comprehension • Applying basic reading comprehension skills such as skimming, scanning, previewing, and reviewing text • Using context to construct meaning • Applying self-monitoring and self-corrective strategies to build and expand a knowledge base • Planning how and when to use cognitive strategies and applying them appropriately to a learning task • Evaluating one’s own success in a completed task

7. Teach for Comprehension –con’td Some transition words • To add information and reasons: in addition • To show cause and effect: as a result • To explain, give reasons: actually • To compare: by comparison • To contrast: however • To summarize: in summary • To show order: first, second,… • To show chronological order: next, then

8. Increase Reading Rate • Scanning: lexical accessing 600 wpm • Skimming: semantic encoding 450 wpm • Looking for “key phrase” • Six symbols: 六個符號學英文, 斷句法

9. Increase Reading Rate – con’td • The 介片(of the…) • A +Adj.+N.(S.)+形子 (who/which) • An P.P. + V. Ving

10. Verify Reading Strategies • What is the strategy? • Why should the strategy be learned? • How can the strategy be used? • When should the strategy be used? • Where should the reader look? • How can you evaluate the use of the strategy?

11. Verify Reading Strategy – con’td • Cognitive Reading Strategies • Metacognitive Reading Strategies • Compensating Reading Strategies

12. Evaluate Progress • Reading log • Reading rate • Comprehension • Reading rate record • Techniques When I don’t understand a word/a phrase/a sentence use context clues/read back/read ahead/look it up/ask someone/skip it and read on

13. Build Motivation • Intrinsic motivation • Extrinsic motivation • Integrative motivation • Instrumental motivation

14. Select Appropriate Reading Materials Five factors that influence selecting appropriate reading materials • Time • Progression • Student groups and cooperative learning • Variety • Students’ needs, interests, and abilities

15. Reading for General Purposes • Building Vocabulary Base e.g., etymology (字源學) • Doing Extensive Reading • Practicing Reading Strategies

16. Reading for Specific Purposes • Top-down approach • Building Vocabulary Base • Intensive Reading/Specific Reading • Reading Strategies (tri-part structure) e.g., Intro., Body Para., Conclusion e.g., Topic sentence Supporting sentences Concluding sentence

17. Reference: • Anderson, N. J. (2004). Exploring second language reading: Issues and strategies. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press

18. Ending • Thanks for listening. • E-mail: perngdl@yuntech.edu.tw • http://mapleleaves.yah.tw