BRAIN ACTIVITY

1. BRAIN ACTIVITY

2. Electroencephalogram • EEG: Recording of electric brain waves.

4. ALPHA WAVES • Relaxed, reflecting • Taking a break (walk) • 9-14 cycles/second.

5. BETA WAVES • Alert, actively engaged • Talking, reading • 15-40 cycles/second

6. THETA WAVES • Daydreaming, disengage • Driving, shower, running • “happy state” • 5-8 cycles/second

7. DELTA WAVES • Deep sleep • No dreaming • 2-3 cycles/second

8. Recap ~ Bed time • Study notes: Beta • Book down relax: Alpha • Daydream about getting an A+ = Theta • Deep Sleep = Delta

9. SLEEP • Well studied. • Has cycles, that repeat during the night.

10. SLEEP • REM: Rapid eye movement • ~ 20% of sleep is REM (90 minutes) • Where dreams are made

11. REM Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder in which the person acts out dramatic or violent dreams during Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep.A sleep cycle is defined by a segment of Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM) sleep, which comprises of four stages, followed by a period of Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep. A typical sleep cycle is about 100 - 110 minutes long, beginning with NREM sleep and transitioning to REM sleep after 80 - 100 minutes. REM sleep is accompanied by bursts of Rapid Eye Movements. It has heightened brain activity and temporary paralysis of the muscles that controls posture and body movement. REM sleep is otherwise referred to as the ‘dream sleep’ as most of our dreams occur during this phase of sleep and the temporary muscle paralysis that occurs during this phase is a protective mechanism so that we do not act out our dreams. Victims of REM Behavior Disorder (RBD) do not experience muscle paralysis, which is the usual case during REM sleep. This gives the victim a free hand to physically demonstrate or act out dreams. Patient with RBD demonstrate their dreams with passion and intensity, which can also turn violent. Many such patients sit up in sleep, make wild gesticulations, kick or scream, even punch their partner as they act out their dreams. Such behaviors can also manifest during withdrawal from alcohol or hypnotic drugs.

12. SLEEP • NON-REM: ~ 80% (6.5 hrs) • Dreamless sleep (shutdown systems)

13. SLEEP • Deep Sleep: Delta waves • Difficult to wake up • Brain and body completely relax

14. SLEEP • Arousal: Neurons turn back on. • Build up of adenosine, melanin, wake up when the majority is broken down.

15. AgeAverage amount of sleep per day • Newbornup to 18 hours • 1-12 months14–18 hours • 1-3 years12-15 hours • 3-5 years11-13 hours • 5-12 years9-11 hours • Adolescents9-10 hours • Adults, including elderly7-8 (+) hours • Pregnant women8 (+) hours

16. Randy Gardner holds the Guinness World Record for intentionally having gone the longest without sleep. In 1965, Gardner, then 18, stayed awake for 264 hours (about 11 days) for a high school science project.[36] He experienced significant deficits in concentration, motivation, perception and other higher mental processes during his sleep deprivation. However, he recovered normal cognitive functions after a few nights' sleep.

17. SPINAL CORD ~ COLOR CODE Pg 222

18. J= Posterior gray horns • K= Anterior gray horns • O= Posterior white column • P= Lateral white column • Q= Anterior white column • T= Anterior median fissure • U= Central Canal

19. Spinal Cord • Highway leading sensory impulses to the brain and motor impulses away from brain.

20. Spinal Cord • Gray: is not myelinated, mostly cell bodies • White: myelinated, most of PNS

21. Spinal Cord • Length: Roughly 18 inches long. • STOPS at about L1 or L2 (Page 231)

22. Spinal Cord • Cauda Equina: (Horses tail) Nerves leaving end of spinal cord.

23. Spinal Cord • Spinal Puncture: Spinal tap between L3, L4. Puncture spine to withdraw fluid and analyze.