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Some statistical facts: Till Year 2000 HIV was first identified in 1983.

Some statistical facts: Till Year 2000 HIV was first identified in 1983. Virus may have entered the US in late 70s. Data from Centre for Disease Control and Prevention shows that 774,467 cases of AIDS and 448,060 deaths of AIDS patients by the end of yr. 2000.

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Some statistical facts: Till Year 2000 HIV was first identified in 1983.

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  1. Some statistical facts: Till Year 2000 HIV was first identified in 1983. Virus may have entered the US in late 70s. Data from Centre for Disease Control and Prevention shows that 774,467 cases of AIDS and 448,060 deaths of AIDS patients by the end of yr. 2000. Approximately 40,000 new HIV infection per year. World wide: 36.1 million people living with AIDS by the end of year 2000. 21.8 million adults and 4.3 million children fell victim to HIV/AIDS associated death. 5.3 million new cases and 3 million deaths occurred in yr 2000.

  2. 2008 statistical figures (Global) http://www.avert.org/worldstats.htm

  3. USA stat for AIDS People living with AIDS At the end of 2007, the CDC estimates that 468,578 people were living with AIDS in America, around 20,000 more than 2006. 571,378 people living with HIV/AIDS in the 39 states and dependent areas. However, the total number of people living in the USA with HIV/AIDS is thought to be around 1.1 million3

  4. Canadian Stat for HIV infection and AIDS AIDS cases in adults (15 or over) by exposure category Positive HIV test reports in adults (15 or over) by exposure category

  5. Estimated number of people living with HIV/AIDS, 2007 Indian stat Across India HIV prevalence appears to be low among the general population, but disproportionately high among high-risk groups, such as IDUs, female sex workers, men who have sex with men (MSM) and STD clinic attendees. The average HIV prevalence among women attending antenatal clinics in India is 0.48%. Much higher rates are found among people attending STD clinics (3.6%), female sex workers (5.1%), injecting drug users (7.2%) and men who have sex with men (7.4%). As the table below shows, the rates among different groups vary widely between states.

  6. Structure of HIV

  7. Stages of Retrovirus Reproduction

  8. Replication of HIV-1

  9. HIV Binding via Cell Surface Receptors

  10. Enzyme Targets of New Anti-HIV Treatments

  11. Presentation of Antigen to T Cells through MHC Class II Molecules of HIV

  12. AIDS Deaths in the United States from January 1986 to June 1998

  13. zidovudine (AZT), nucleoside RT inhibitors: zalcitabine (ddC), didanosine (ddI), stavudine (D4T), and lamivudine (3TC)

  14. The groups of antiretroviral drugs There are five groups of antiretroviral drugs. Each of these groups attacks HIV in a different way.

  15. Side effects of AIDS therapeutics Metabolic changes are occurring in people with chronic HIV infection. One of these changes causes HIV-associated lipodystrophy syndrome (HIV-LS). This condition results in abnormal fat distribution and cholesterol and glucose abnormalities. Gender and HIV infection itself can influence cell metabolism, making it difficult to distinguish adverse drug effects from the natural progression of the disease. Some anti-HIV drugs are toxic to mitochondria. Tissues that require high levels of energy, like muscles and nerves, are most susceptible to the affects of damaged mitochondria. A decrease in the mitochondrial energy supply can result in muscle wasting, heart failure, peripheral nerve damage causing numbness and pain. Other symptoms include low blood cell counts, swelling and fatty degeneration of the liver, and inflammation of the pancreas. Other more general signs include fatigue, depression, and high lactic acid levels in the blood.

  16. Cutting edge developments in AIDS therapeutics • New protease inhibitors and more potent, less toxic RT inhibitors. • Fusion inhibitors -- drugs that interfere with HIV's ability to enter a cell • Integrase inhibitors -- drugs that interfere with HIV's ability to insert its genes into a cell's normal DNA. • Therapeutic vaccines are also being evaluated for this purpose and could help reduce the number of anti-HIV drugs needed or the duration of treatment. • Therapeutic immune boosters • Lysozyme and RNase therapy

  17. http://www.iavi.org/Lists/IAVIPublications/attachments/9ba3a2c4-2232-48c5-a08e-5532cb32b836/IAVI_Sankalp_December_2009_ENG.pdfhttp://www.iavi.org/Lists/IAVIPublications/attachments/9ba3a2c4-2232-48c5-a08e-5532cb32b836/IAVI_Sankalp_December_2009_ENG.pdf

  18. November 16, 2009 | Renewed Hope for an AIDS Vaccine Despite questions, the Thailand trial spreads optimism

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