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Poisonous Plants

Poisonous Plants. S. David Baker, R.Ph., CSPI Central Texas Poison Control Center Scott & White Memorial Hospital. Oxalate Containing Plants. Rhubarb Dieffenbachia Caladium Philodendron Oxalis Calla Lily Jack-in-the-pulpit Others. Rhubarb. Dieffenbachia. Dieffenbachia. Philodendron.

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Poisonous Plants

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  1. Poisonous Plants S. David Baker, R.Ph., CSPI Central Texas Poison Control Center Scott & White Memorial Hospital

  2. Oxalate Containing Plants • Rhubarb • Dieffenbachia • Caladium • Philodendron • Oxalis • Calla Lily • Jack-in-the-pulpit • Others

  3. Rhubarb

  4. Dieffenbachia

  5. Dieffenbachia

  6. Philodendron

  7. Jack-in-the-pulpit

  8. Oxalate • Needle like crystals • Edema of mouth, tongue, and throat • Ingestion of larger quantities can lead to multi-organ damage. Renal, Hepatic, Myocardial, Brain, and GI

  9. Cardiac Glycoside Plants • Oleander • Lily of the Valley • Foxglove

  10. Oleander

  11. Oleander

  12. Lily of the Valley

  13. Foxglove

  14. Cardiac Glycoside Plants • Just like Digoxin • Bradycardia with AV block • Hypotension • Lethargy • Dizziness • GI upset

  15. Solanine containing Plants • Potato • Black Nightshade • Jerusalem Cherry

  16. Potato

  17. Black Nightshade

  18. Jerusalem Cherry

  19. Solanine • N / V / D, headache • Drowsiness • Coma • Onset - 2 - 24 hours • Duration - up to 3 days • Plants can also be anticholinergics

  20. Anticholinergic Plants • Belladona • Datura • Angel’s Trumpet • Jimson weed • Thorn Apple • Henbane

  21. Belladonna

  22. Jimson Weed

  23. Jimson Weed

  24. Jimson Weed Seeds

  25. Henbane

  26. Anticholinergics • Hyperthermia, flushing • Dry mucus membranes • Mydriasis • Tachycardia • Decreased GI motility • Urinary retention • Delirium, hallucinations, CNS depression

  27. Cyanogenic Glycosides • Almond • Peach • Plum • Cherry • Apple • Clover • Others

  28. Cyanogenic

  29. Cyanogenic Glycosides • Usually only a problem if you make a meal out of them • 1 - 2 seeds are not a problem • Enzymatic breakdown in GI leads to toxicity • Onset 30 minutes to 2 hours • Respiratory distress, syncope, coma, seizures follow GI symptoms.

  30. Other Plants • Castor Beans • Rosary Beans • Poinsetta • Ganja • Lantana • Nicotiana • Poison Ivy

  31. Castor Bean Plant

  32. Castor Beans

  33. Rosary bean

  34. Castor Bean ToxicityRosary Bean Toxicity • Beans are very hard and only toxic if chewed • GI effects within 6 hours, cause gastric lesions, looks like alkaline burns • 2 - 5 days after exposure - cytotoxic effects - Liver, Kidney, Brain

  35. Poinsettia

  36. Poinsettia • Causes severe stomach irritation • Lots of Nausea and Vomiting • Not considered toxic • Dehydration • Electrolyte imbalances

  37. Ganja

  38. Lantana

  39. Lantana • Unripe berries are the most toxic • Lantadene - atropine like substance • Anticholinergic poisoning

  40. Nicotiana tabacum

  41. Nicotine • GI upset - N / V • Onset in 15 - 60 minutes • Duration 3 - 12 hours • Increase in heart rate and blood pressure then irregular pulse and hypotension • Tremors and seizures

  42. Poison Ivy

  43. Other plants • Water Hemlock • Poke Weed

  44. Water Hemlock

  45. Water Hemlock • Mydriasis • Tachycardia • Seizures - Onset 5 minutes to 2 hours • Salivation, gastritis, diarrhea, emesis • Rhabdomyolysis, and renal failure • Metabolic acidosis • Strychnine like substance

  46. Poke Weed

  47. Poke weed • Mostly GI effects • Onset 30 minutes to 5 hours • Duration - 1 to 48 hours • Headache • Weakness • Seizures • Coma

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