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Reform and Western Influence

Reform and Western Influence. The Self-Strengthening Movement. Aim was military strength Manufacture weapons Officials set up the first modern industrial enterprises. The Treaty Ports. Reasons for their growth Low tariffs Extraterritoriality British commercial law.

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Reform and Western Influence

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  1. Reform and Western Influence

  2. The Self-Strengthening Movement • Aim was military strength • Manufacture weapons • Officials set up the first modern industrial enterprises

  3. The Treaty Ports • Reasons for their growth • Low tariffs • Extraterritoriality • British commercial law

  4. Refugees in a Shanghai shantytown

  5. Shanghai British merchants

  6. Shanghai British family c 1900

  7. Sassoon family properties

  8. St John’s University, Shanghai

  9. Shanghai, Indian army band c. 1900

  10. A class at French school that took mainly Russian refugee children

  11. Shanghai Japanese Shinto shrine

  12. The growth of a social class with an interest in modernisation • Government employees • Yan Fu • Overseas Chinese

  13. Merchants who work with foreign traders (compradores) • Tang Jingxing • Sir Boshan Wei Yuk (compradore of forerunner of HSBC Bank) • Feel excluded from the government

  14. Rise of oppositional public opinion • Newspapers • Writers • Political parties

  15. The Qing dynasty’s problems in the 1890s • Dependence on the treaty system • Decentralisation • The rise of regional governors • Zeng Guofan • Li Hongzhang • Foreign imperialism • Vietnam 1884 • Korea 1895 • Taiwan 1895

  16. The 100 Days Reforms of 1898 • Kang Youwei petitions the young Guangxu emperor • Abolition of the “eight-legged” essay • Stimulate agriculture, industry and commerce • Western-style drills in the army • Coup by Dowager Empress Cixi • Kang creates China’s first political party • The Protect the Emperor Society

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