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ATOMS

ATOMS. What is an atom and its three subatomic parts? What are the charges of the three subatomic parts? How do you find atomic mass and the atomic number? Compound vs. element? What is an isotope?. Objectives . The basic unit of matter. the smallest unit. ‘unable to be cut’

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ATOMS

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  1. ATOMS

  2. What is an atom and its three subatomic parts? • What are the charges of the three subatomic parts? • How do you find atomic mass and the atomic number? • Compound vs. element? • What is an isotope? Objectives

  3. The basic unit of matter. the smallest unit. • ‘unable to be cut’ • Can it be seen? • Is it living? • 100 million atoms side by side is about the width of your pinkie! How small is an atom?

  4. 3 subatomic particles • Proton • Neutron • Electron What is an atom made of?

  5. POSITIVE PROTON (+) • Located inside the nucleus • Has a positive charge and contributes to the mass • Mass - 1.00727638 AMU Proton

  6. NEUTRAL NEUTRON • Located inside the nucleus • Has no charge but contributes to the mass • Mass- 1.0086649156 AMU Neutrons

  7. Negative Charge • Orbits around the nucleus and is in constant motion. • They are attracted to the positive charged nucleus. • There are the same amount of protons as electrons. • Mass is too small to be included. • Mass- 0.0005446623 AMU • (1/1836th the mass of a proton) Electrons

  8. Element- pure substance containing only one type of atom. We distinguish the elements based on protons, neutrons, and electrons. Periodic Table

  9. A substance formed by the chemical combination of 2 or more elements. • The physical and chemical properties of a compound and usually very different from the elements in which they are formed. • Sodium is a soft metal + poisonous chlorine = sodium chloride Compound + =

  10. 2 or more elements • Water = • salt (sodium chloride) = compounds

  11. Atom = smallest unit of an element • Molecule = smallest unit of compound

  12. Atomic number= # of protons = # of electrons • Atomic Mass= # of protons + number of neutrons Atomic mass What does it mean?

  13. Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. • Some isotopes can give off radiation • Isotopes are identified by their atomic mass. Isotopes

  14. Helium-5 • Atomic Mass = • Atomic number (protons) = • Number of neutrons = • Helium-6 • Atomic Mass = • Atomic number (protons) = • Number of neutrons = • Helium-7 • Atomic Mass = • Atomic number (protons) = • Number of neutrons = • Helium-8 • Atomic Mass = • Atomic number (protons) = • Number of neutrons = Isotopes

  15. What is the difference between a covalent bond and an ionic bond? • What is an ion? • What are valence electrons? Bonds

  16. Ionic – electrons are transferred from one atom to the next. • Covalent- electrons are shared between atoms Chemical bonds

  17. Formed when one or more electrons are transferred and ions (charged atoms)are paired. • What is the charge of an electron? • When sodium looses an electron it has a positive charge. • Opposite ions attract! Ionic bonds

  18. The electrons in one atom that are able to form bonds with another atom. • The closer the atom is to having 8 valence electrons , the more stable it is. Valence electrons Where are the valence electrons?

  19. Bonds between a metal and nonmetal. Ionic Bonds

  20. Electrons are shared between atoms. • 1 bond is when atoms share 2 electrons • Nonmetal with nonmetal • Neither atom is strong enough to pull an electron away from the other so they share. Covalent Bond

  21. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xyY4cWKPrSc Can an atom be broken?

  22. - 3,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 water molecules in a single drop of water! Water

  23. 1. Polarity 2. Hydrogen bonds 3. Cohesion 4. Adhesion http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivu4nlvD_90 Properties of water

  24. The weak interaction between the slightly positive hydrogen and a negative atom (oxygen, fluorine, nitrogen) Hydrogen bonds

  25. Cohesion

  26. Surface Tension

  27. Adhesion

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