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June 16, 2009 Michael W. Howard, Ph.D. Sr. Vice President, R&D Group

Renewable Resources and Operational Challenges. June 16, 2009 Michael W. Howard, Ph.D. Sr. Vice President, R&D Group. The Electric Power Research Institute. RD&D Consortium for the Electricity Industry. Independent, unbiased, tax-exempt collaborative research organization

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June 16, 2009 Michael W. Howard, Ph.D. Sr. Vice President, R&D Group

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  1. Renewable Resources and Operational Challenges June 16, 2009 Michael W. Howard, Ph.D.Sr. Vice President, R&D Group

  2. The Electric Power Research Institute RD&D Consortium for the Electricity Industry • Independent, unbiased, tax-exempt collaborative research organization • Full spectrum industry coverage • Nuclear • Generation • Environment • Power Delivery & Utilization • 460 participants in over 40 countries • Major offices in Palo Alto, CA; Charlotte, NC and Knoxville, TN

  3. Renewable Technology Development

  4. Renewable Technologies Variability and Predictability

  5. Challenge - Balancing Generation and Load Objective Less Variability - More Predictability Load Generation

  6. Wind – Variable and Predictable? Tehachapi Wind Generation

  7. Solar - Variable and Predictable? Minutes Source: Jay Apt CMU, 4.6 MW TEP Solar Array (Arizona) 7

  8. What’s The Solution? • System Visibility • Generation Balancing Resources • Energy Storage • Transmission Integration • Demand Response • Meteorological Prediction

  9. System Visibility Enhanced Grid Visibility 1 4 12 13 750 +282j 440 750 + 262j 6 14 + 200j 250 +84j 5 2 15 7 300 + 100j 176 +88j 8 100 +62j 17 16 130 + 8j 20 + 8j 120 + 11j 9 3 276 + 120j High Speed Scan Rates More Frequent Analysis of System Condition 11 350 + 150j 10 704 + 308j 227 + 420j

  10. Generation Balancing Resource Ramp Rate (MW/min) Time (Hours) Ramp Rate and Duty Cycle for CT Balancing Wind Acknowledgment: Research Conducted by Warren Katzenstein and Jay Apt, CMU

  11. Pump Storage Metal-Air Batteries Flow Batteries Compressed Air Advanced Batteries Lead-Acid and Nickel Cadmium Batteries High Energy Flywheels Ultracapacitors SMES Low Energy Flywheels Energy Storage Hours Discharge Time Minutes Seconds 10s kW 100s kW 100s MW 10s MW Power

  12. Thermal Energy Storage 1 mile

  13. Transmission Integration Requires Transmission to Major Load Centers Wind Resource Map Demand Centers High Wind Availability

  14. Transmission Integration

  15. Biomass IGCC Wind (32.5% Capacity Factor) NGCC ($6-8/MMBtu) Nuclear PC Comparative Costs of Electricity – 2015 All costs are in December 2007 $ Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh Renewables “out of the money” without incentives or mandates 95% confidence level values based on EPRI Report 1018329 Rev. October 2008 Cost of CO2, $/Metric Ton

  16. Summary - Renewable Resources • 29 States and DC have Renewable Portfolio Standards – 5 States have Renewable Goals • Several renewable generation technologies – viability depends on location and costs • Tradeoff - Variability and Predictability • Several technical solutions exist to integrate renewable resources

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