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Kindbergia oregana Photo: Surrey W.L. Jacobs

Kindbergia oregana Photo: Surrey W.L. Jacobs. Bryophytes. For Biology 2410 Utah State University. Kindbergia oregana Photo: Surrey W.L. Jacobs. Three groups. hornwort. mosses. Leafy liverwort. Characteristics. Chlorophyll a, Starch, Cellulose No lignin

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Kindbergia oregana Photo: Surrey W.L. Jacobs

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  1. Kindbergiaoregana Photo: Surrey W.L. Jacobs

  2. Bryophytes For Biology 2410 Utah State University Kindbergiaoregana Photo: Surrey W.L. Jacobs

  3. Three groups hornwort mosses Leafy liverwort

  4. Characteristics • Chlorophyll a, Starch, Cellulose • No lignin • Usually no conductive tissue, sometimes poorly developed tissue • Gametophyte dominant, perennial • Sporophyte parasitic on gametophyte • NEED MOIST ENVIRONMENT, when active

  5. Structure: Gametophyte • Gametophore – leafy structure or thick, conspicuous part • Gametophore produces archegonia and antheridia – which produce gametes Moss gametophore Leafy Liverwort Thallose liverwort

  6. Sex! • Sperm swim from antheridia into archegonia and fertilize egg • Sporophyte grows out of archegonium Archegonia, with egg Antheridia

  7. Structure: Sporophyte • Sporophyte produces capsule • In capsule: MEIOSIS, produces spores • Spores fall to ground and germinate to form protonema, first stage of gametophyte generation Moss Liverwort Protonema Hornwort Protonema

  8. Nutrition • Autotrophic • Gametophore most important for energy capture • [In mosses and hornworts some photosynthesis in sporophyte] • Absorb water and nutrients through leaves/body and rhizoids • Some conduction by capillary action

  9. Distribution & Role • Most abundant in humid, temperate or tropical regions • Intercept rains drops – prevent wash-outs • Pioneers • Soil protection • 100 years to regenerate trees; 300 years to regenerate bryophyte flora • Shelter and food

  10. Three groups hornwort mosses Leafy liverwort

  11. Mosses • Most abundant bryophytes • Persistent sporophyte • Leaves 3-ranked • Leaves not lobed, mostly 1 cell thick • Leaves often with costa

  12. Moss Sporophyte • Persistent • Seta + capsule • Capsule has: • Sporangium • Peristome teeth • Operculum • Covered by calyptra • Calyptra = Top of archegonium teeth Peristome teeth Hairy calyptras

  13. Liverworts • Two kinds • Leafy • Well-defined leaves • Ill-defined leaves • Thallose • Big, dichotomous lobes • Small, rosettes

  14. Liverworts • Leafy – 2 or 3 rows • Leaves often lobed • Leaves no costa • Two layouts • Incubus – water catching • Succubus – roof style • Underleaves … • Sporophyte ephemeral • Capsule splits

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