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Chemistry: Understanding Matter and Its Properties

Explore the composition, structure, and properties of matter in this chapter. Learn the basics of chemistry, from elements to compounds and physical and chemical properties. Understand the states of matter and the periodic table elements.

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Chemistry: Understanding Matter and Its Properties

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  1. Matter and Change Chapter 1 Matter and Change- Chapter 1 Section 1Chemistry Is a Physical Science Section 2Matter and Its Properties Section 3Elements

  2. What is Chemistry? • Studies: • composition, structure, properties of matter • Processes that occur, energy changes of matter

  3. Section1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science Chapter 1 • Achemical is any substance that has a definite composition. • sucrose • water • carbon dioxide

  4. Top Eight Chemicals Made in the United States Section1 Chemistry Is a Physical Science Chapter 1

  5. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Matter • Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. • Volume is the amount of space an object occupies. • Mass is a measure of the amount of matter.

  6. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Basic Building Blocks of Matter • Atom- smallest unit of an element that maintains the chemical identity of that element. • Element -pure substance made of one type of atom. • Compound pure substance which has more than one element chemically combined

  7. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1

  8. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1

  9. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Examples of Mixtures

  10. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Physical Properties • can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance • melting & boiling point, color, mass, density

  11. Intensive Properties -do not depend on the amount of matter present. melting point boiling point density ability to conduct electricity ability to transfer energy as heat

  12. Extensive properties -depend on the amount of matter that is present. volume mass the amount of energy in a substance.

  13. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Chemical Properties • Describes substance’s ability to undergo changes • Ex. Reaction with acid or air

  14. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 • Physical Changes • change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance • grinding, cutting, melting, and boiling • change of state -physical change of a substance from one state to another.

  15. Chemical Change • One or more substance becomes a new substance with different properties • Burning, tarnishing, digesting

  16. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Chemical Changes • reactants -substances that react in a chemical change. • products -substances that are formed • Carbon plus oxygen yields (or forms) carbon dioxide. reactants product carbon + oxygen carbon dioxide

  17. Section2 Matter and Its Properties Chapter 1 Evidence of a Chemical Change

  18. Particle Model of Matter states of matter—solid state, liquid state, gas state, plasma Draw a solid, liquid and gas using a dot to represent a particle.

  19. Visual Concepts Chapter 1 Plasma

  20. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Objectives • Use a periodic table to name elements, given their symbols. • Use a periodic table to write the symbols of elements, given their names. • Describe the arrangement of the periodic table. • List the characteristics that distinguish metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

  21. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Regions of the Periodic Table

  22. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Introduction to the Periodic Table • The vertical columns of the periodic table are called groups, or families. • The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table are calledperiods.

  23. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Metals • Properties • most are solidsat room temperature • malleable - they can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets • ductile - they can be drawn into a fine wire • conduct electricity and heat well

  24. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Gold, copper, and aluminum are metals

  25. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Nonmetals • Properties • many aregases • solids arebrittle • poor conductorsof heat and electricity

  26. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Various nonmetal elements • (a) carbon, (b) sulfur, (c) phosphorus, and (d) iodine

  27. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Metalloids • element that has some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals. • Properties • all metalloids are solids at room temperature • semiconductorsof electricity

  28. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Noble Gases • elements in Group 18 of the periodic table • generally unreactive • gases at room temperature

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