1. The molecule that is most directly used to power different cell activities is

1. 1. The molecule that is most directly used to power different cell activities is • Glucose • Sucrose • ATP • ADP

2. 2. How is an ATP molecule different from an ADP molecule? • The two molecules have a different sugar • The two molecules have a different nitrogen group • ADP has 2 phosphate groups, ATP as 3 phosphate groups • ATP has 2 phosphate groups, ADP as 3 phosphate groups

3. ATP stands for adenosine triphosphate. The tri in the name tells you that it has a 3 phosphate group tail. The triphosphate tail is an important part of the molecule because it store energy in this high energy bond. ADP stands for adenosine diphosphate. This molecule has 2 phosphate groups in its tail.

4. 3. A reaction in which the products have more energy then the reactants, requiring an input of energy is called a(n) • Exergonic • Endergonic • Spontaneous • Dissociation

5. An endergonic reaction requires energy. (The prefix “endo” means into) • The products have more stored energy than the reactants • Example: The production of glucose from carbon dioxide and water requires energy (from the sun)

6. 4. The reaction that produces an ATP from an ADP and a phosphate group is a(n) • exergonic • endergonic

7. ATP is a high energy molecule, with energy stored in the bond for the third phosphate group. It takes energy to produce an ATP from ADP and a phosphate group so this is an endergonic reaction.

8. 5. The energy required to build an ATP molecule in the ATP/ADP cycle can come from • The building of a sugar molecule • The breakdown of a sugar molecule under anaerobic conditions • The breakdown of a sugar molecule under aerobic conditions • A, B and C • Both B and C

9. 6. The energy released by the break down of ATP into ADP and a phosphate group may be used for • Movement (allowing contraction of muscle fibers) • Synthesizing (building) macromolecules- such as proteins • Active transport of substances • All of the above • None of the above

10. ATP is the energy currency of the cell. The energy released in the break down of ATP is used to power many cellular activities.

11. There is a constant cycling in the cell as ATP is produced from ADP and P with the energy provided from the breakdown of food. Energy is released for cell activities as ATP is broken back down into ADP and P

12. 7. The reactants in photosynthesis are • carbon dioxide (CO2) & oxygen (O2) • carbon dioxide (CO2) & glucose (C6H12O6 • carbon dioxide (CO2) & water (H2O) • oxygen (O2) & glucose (C6H12O6) • water (H2O) & glucose (C6H12O6)

13. 8. The products of photosynthesis are • carbon dioxide (CO2) & oxygen (O2) • carbon dioxide (CO2) & glucose (C6H12O6) • carbon dioxide (CO2) & water(H2O) • oxygen (O2) & glucose (C6H12O6) • oxygen (O2) & water (H2O)

15. 9. The term aerobic means • with oxygen • without oxygen • with water • without water

16. 10. Which of the following is an anaerobic process (occurs without oxygen)? • Kreb’s Cycle and electrons transport chain • Lactic acid fermentation • Alcohol fermentation • A and B • A and C • B and C

17. 11. Which process occurs in our muscles when we work out very hard (demanding lots of ATP) and our circulatory system can not deliver an adequate amount of oxygen to meet the demands (anaerobic conditions).? • Kreb’s cycle • Lactic acid fermentation • Alcohol fermentation • Both B and C

18. 12. Name an organism that can perform alcohol fermentation. • Yeast • Grape plants • Humans • All of the above • A and B • A and C • B and C

19. 13. Glycolysis is the process in which a glucose molecule is broken down into 2 pyruvate molecules and the energy released is used to produce 2 ATP molecules. Glycolysis is the first phase in which of the following • Fermentation (both kinds) • Aerobic respiration • Both A and B • Neither A nor B

20. 14. Flasks A and B both contain a yeast solution and are under anaerobic conditions. Flask A also contains glucose, flask B does not contain glucose. You would expect the amount of ATP to • Increase in both flasks • Decrease in both flasks • Increase in flask A but not flask B • Increase in flask B but not flask A

21. Yeast can perform anaerobic fermentation to produce ATP, but they require a food source- glucose etc.

22. 15. Flasks C and D both contain yeast, and a glucose solution. Flask C has no O2 and flask D has O2. You would expect a decrease in glucose ____ • in both flasks • in flask C but not D • in flask D but not C • neither (glucose will increase in both)

23. Yeast are an organism that can perform both aerobic respiration and anaerobic alcohol fermentation. They will be able to breakdown the sugar molecules for energy under both conditions.

24. 16. Flasks Eand Fboth contain yeast, and a glucose solution. Flask Ehas no O2 and flask Fhas O2. You would expect • More ATP production in flask E • More ATP production in flask F • More ATP consumption in flask E • More ATP consumption in flask F

25. 17. The site of aerobic respiration is the • ribosome • endoplasmic reticulum • chloroplast • mitochondrion

26. 18. Which of the following are differences between fermentation and aerobic respiration.I. aerobic respiration requires oxygen, fermentation does notII. fermentation requires oxygen, aerobic respiration does notIII. Fermentation produces more ATPIV. aerobic respiration produces more ATP • I only • II only • I and III • I and IV E II and III F. II and IV

27. Glycolysis No additional ATP Allows glycolysis to continue by recycling NAD+

28. 19. A process requires the energy from 5 ATP in order to be initiated, but produces 12 ATP in the later stages, the net yield of ATP is • 60 • 17 • 12 • 7 • 5

29. C • C • B • B • E • D • C • D • A • F • B • A • C 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. D 18. D 19. D