The Fluid States

1. The Fluid States Bernoulli’s Principle Kristen Reiter water droplets. 28 Sept. 2010. Flickr. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2011.      <http://www.flickr.com/photos/58002001@N02/5333065857/>.

2. -Fluids in Motion- • Bernoulli’s Principle explains the effect motion has on a fluid’s pressure and velocity. -Forces Within Liquids- • Electromagnetic forces in liquids affect the way fluids act. Diaz, Ryan. Tubular. 2 Feb. 2008. Flickr. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Jan. 2011.      <http://www.flickr.com/photos/ryandiaz/2241131106/>.

3. FluidsinMotion Seashore. 28 Oct. 2010. Flickr. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2011.<http://www.flickr.com/photos/52445777@N06/ 5134797287/>.

4. Bernoulli’s Principle • as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure decreases (or vice versa) higher velocity → lower pressure higher velocity, lower pressure lower velocity, higher pressure narrower space → higher velocity

5. Net Work • Net work is the overall work being done. (In this case, to move a fluid.) Tapp, Philip. Nets. 30 Jan. 2010. Flickr. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2011. <http: //www.flickr.com/ photos/philtapp/ 4315913808/>.

6. Streamline. 3 July 2009. Flickr. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2011.      <http://www.flickr.com/photos/icajoleu/4114229446/>. Streamlines • narrow flow → closer streamlines → greater velocity → lower pressure • Jumbled or unsmooth streamlines mean the fluid is turbulent and Bernoulli’s Principle does not apply. • Represent • the flow of • fluid around • objects.

7. Rav Productions. Ocean Curl. 27 Jan. 2007. Flickr. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Jan. 2011.      <http://www.flickr.com/photos/ravpro/385243666/>. Forces Within Liquids

8. Cohesive Forces • Particles that affect the behavior of liquids • Attract each other with electromagnetic force

9. Surface Tension • Surface of a liquid to contracts to the smallest possible area • On the surface particles are not attracted upwards • This creates a net downwards pressure • Also causes spherical droplets

10. Adhesion • Attractive force between different substances • Electromagnetic force

11. Capillary Action • Rise of liquid in a narrow glass tube • Because adhesive forces are stronger than the cohesive forces

12. Evaporation • When fast moving particles break through the surface layers of a liquid • Only most energetic particles escape • Has a cooling effect

13. Volatile Liquids • Volatile liquids evaporate quickly • Have weak cohesive forces • More noticeable cooling effect

14. Condensation • Evaporated particles returning to liquid state • Cause by decrease in temperature or kinetic energy • Makes the air humid

15. Quick Review! • Bernoulli’s Principle means higher velocity = lower pressure • Cohesive forces are forces that attract particles in a liquid to each other, and cause surface tension • Capillary action is when a liquid “climbs” a glass tube, a result of adhesion.

16. Quick Review! • Evaporation is when fast moving particles escape the surface of a liquid. • Volatile liquids evaporate quickly! • Condensation is when evaporated liquids cool down or lose energy and become liquid again.

17. Works Cited • Zitzewitz, Paul W. Physics Principles and Problems. 2002 ed. New York: Glencoe, 2002. Print.