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Chapter 1

Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION. Universal Cell Phone Coverage. Chittagong. Microwave Tower. Cell . Dhaka. Maintaining the telephone number across geographical areas in a wireless and mobile system. 2. First Generation Cellular Systems and Services.

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Chapter 1

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  1. Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION

  2. Universal Cell Phone Coverage Chittagong Microwave Tower Cell Dhaka Maintaining the telephone number across geographical areas in a wireless and mobile system 2

  3. First Generation Cellular Systems and Services

  4. Second Generation Cellular Systems and Services

  5. Third Generation Cellular Systems and Services • IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications-2000): - Fulfill one's dream of anywhere, anytime communications a reality.  • Key Features of IMT-2000 include: - High degree of commonality of design worldwide; - Compatibility of services within IMT-2000 and with the fixed networks; - High quality; - Small terminal for worldwide use; - Worldwide roaming capability; - Capability for multimedia applications, and a wide range of services and terminals.

  6. Third Generation Cellular Systems and Services (continued) • Important Component of IMT-2000 is ability to provide high bearer rate capabilities: - 2 Mbps for fixed environment; - 384 Kbps for indoor/outdoor and pedestrian environment; - 144 kbps for vehicular environment. • Standardization Work: - In processing • Scheduled Service: - Started in October 2001 in Japan (W-CDMA)

  7. Subscriber Growth 3G Subscribers Subscribers 2G Digital only Subscribers 1G Analogue only Subscribers 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year

  8. Coverage Aspect of Next Generation Mobile Communication Systems In-building Urban Suburban Global Macrocell Picocell Microcell Global Satellite

  9. Transmission Capacity Vehicular Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Broadband radio Mobile Broadband System Global System for Mobile Communications Mobility Pedestrian Local Multipoint Distribution System Satellite Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Broadband Satellite Multimedia Stationary 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 Data rate (Mb/s) Transmission capacity as a function of mobility in some radio access systems

  10. Wireless Technology and Associated Characteristics • Cellular • Wireless LAN/PAN • GPS • Satellite Based GPS • Home Networking • Ad Hoc Networks • Sensor Networks • Bluetooth

  11. Medical and Healthcare Applications Remote Databases ATM Backbone Network ATM Switch In Hospital Physician ATM Switch Wireless Remote consultation from Ambulance Sensors on body Possibility for Remote consulting (including Audio Visual communication)

  12. Fundamentals of Cellular Systems Ideal cell area (2-10 km radius) Alternative shape of a cell Hexagonal cell area used in most models BS Cell MS MS Illustration of a cell with a mobile station and a base station

  13. FDMA(Frequency Division Multiple Access) Frequency User n … User 2 User 1 Time

  14. FDMA Bandwidth Structure … 1 2 3 4 n Frequency Total bandwidth

  15. FDMA Channel Allocation Frequency 1 User 1 Frequency 2 User 2 … … Frequency n User n Mobile Stations Base Station

  16. TDMA(Time Division Multiple Access) Frequency … User 1 User 2 User n Time

  17. TDMA Frame Structure 1 2 3 4 n … Time Frame

  18. TDMA Frame Illustration for Multiple Users Time 1 User 1 Time 2 User 2 … … … Time n User n Mobile Stations Base Station

  19. CDMA(Code Division Multiple Access) Frequency User 1 . . User 2 . Time User n Code

  20. Cellular System Infrastructure Service area (Zone) BS Early wireless system: Large zone

  21. Cellular System: Small Zone BS Service area BS BS BS BS BS BS

  22. Home phone PSTN … MSC MSC … … BSC BSC BSC BSC … … … … MS MS MS MS MS MS BS MS MS BS BS BS BS BS BS BS MS, BS, BSC, MSC, and PSTN

  23. Control and Traffic Channels Reverse (uplink) control channel Forward (downlink) control channel Forward (downlink) traffic channel Reverse (uplink) traffic channel Mobile Station (MS) Base Station (BS)

  24. Call Setup from MS (Cell Phone) to BS? BS MS 1. Need to establish path 2. Frequency/time slot/code assigned (FDMA/TDMA/CDMA) 3. Control Information Acknowledgement 4. Start communication

  25. Steps for A Call Setup from BS to MS BS MS 1. Call for MS # pending 2. Ready to establish a path 3. Use frequency/time slot/code (FDMA/TDMA/CDMA) 4. Ready for communication 5. Start communication

  26. Network Architectures and Protocols • Systematic Signaling Steps for Information Exchange • Open Systems Interconnections (OSI) • Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) • Internet Protocol (IP) • Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) • Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) – Work in progress • Mobile IP

  27. Ad Hoc Network

  28. Wireless Sensor Networks

  29. Wireless LAN and PAN • Wireless Local Area Network (LAN) using the IEEE 802.11 • HiperLAN is a European Standard • Wireless Personal Area Network (PAN) • Bluetooth • HomeRF

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