OFCM User Forum Aviation Weather: Opportunities for Implementation NASA Aircraft Icing Education & Training

1. OFCM User Forum Aviation Weather: Opportunities for Implementation NASA Aircraft Icing Education & Training Mary F. Wadel July 25, 2000

2. NASA Aircraft Icing Education & Training • Newest element of NASA’s Aircraft Icing Research • Prior to NASA’s icing education & training efforts • In-flight icing specific training materials were very limited • Most icing training focused on ground de-icing • These efforts directly tie into the National Aviation Weather Initiatives • Enhance the ability of decision makers to use the information • Improve the capabilities of aircraft to fly safely and efficiently in all types of weather • Direct and utilize research related to aviation weather

3. Objective and Approach • Objective: Develop in-flight icing related educational materials and training aids • Develop training materials for pilots to assist them in making better operational decisions while in icing conditions. • Exploit the advantages of multimedia and computer-based training to increase the effectiveness of icing training materials • Provide much needed, improved information on in-flight icing • Approach: Multiple training methods developed to meet the diverse need of target audiences • Educational Videos & Taped Lecture Series • Computer Based Training • Pilot Flight Training Simulator • Target audience: Pilots, dispatchers, airline operators, trainers, etc… • Intended for use in simulators, classrooms, self-learning, computer-based instruction, training modules, etc...

4. Educational Videos • Release of Tailplane Icing and Icing for Regional & Corporate Pilots educational videos • Over 1000 videos released internationally to date • On-Line Ordering: www.icebox.grc.nasa.gov • Tailplane Icing • Compilation of critical information from Tailplane Icing Program • Effects of Ice-Contaminated Tailplane Stall • Document the flight tests to show to other pilots • Distinguishing characteristics of tailplane events and recovery procedures • Icing for Regional & Corporate Pilots • Roll & Pitch Upsets • Symptoms of performance and handling anomalies • SLD Icing Conditions and Runback Icing • Recovery Procedures

5. Computer Based Training Module Design • Module optimized for the instructor-led training environment. • Provides flexibility for instructors • Classroom and individual options available • Additional Topics: • My Experiences • Icing Library

6. Computer Based Training

7. Computer Based Training

8. Computer Based Training

9. Pilot Flight Training Simulator (PSIM) • Develop a piloted ground-based flight simulator that incorporates the aerodynamic effects of icing as part of a training curriculum to provide pre-exposure to icing operations and performance, stability, and control changes due to airframe icing. • Serve as a training tool for: • initial and recurrent training to provide awareness of the consequences of an icing encounter • Aircraft-specific operation in icing • Effects of icing on aircraft performance and handling qualities • Potential adverse maneuvers that may result from icing-induced loss of control • Knowledge of how to best manage an adverse icing encounter • Using a combination of experimental data from wind tunnels and flight data to derive aerodynamic flight characteristics

10. Full-scale Aircraft Flight Test Low Speed Wind Tunnel Full-scale Ice Shapes Sub-scale Complete Aircraft Model Full-scale Inertias & Propulsion Effects Aero Effects of Ice Contamination Simulator Verification Sub-scale Ice Shapes Vertical Flow Tunnel Flight Simulator Pilot Flight Training Simulator Approach Summary

11. 6.5%-scale Twin Otter model on Rotary Balance Rig Pilot Flight Training Simulator • Recent Activities: Static & Dynamic aero tests to determine CL, CD, Cl, Cm, Cn and rotary and damping terms as functions of a,b, de, df, etc. for the Twin Otter Low Speed Wind Tunnel Vertical Flow Tunnel

12. Future Plans and Initiatives • Release of additional Educational videos: GA, Large Transport, Super-Cooled Large Droplet • Release of first CBT for regional and corporate pilots and development of a CBT for GA • Transfer PSIM technology/methodology to training flight simulator developers for desktop capability • Future Initiative/Gap in current project plans: • Transfer PSIM methodology for icing flight characteristics to motion-based ground flight simulator • Develop Roll Upset icing research project from Loss of Control group findings in JSAT