Enhancing Access and Quality in Tertiary Education: New Challenges and Opportunities Washington DC, 2 February 2006

1. Enhancing Access and Quality in Tertiary Education: New Challenges and Opportunities Washington DC, 2 February 2006

3. the future of tertiary education?

5. are tertiary education systems ready?

6. outline of the presentation... • changing education & training needs • the role of private tertiary education • new challenges for the State

7. changing education and training needs • serving the local economy

9. changing education and training needs • serving the local economy • higher skill levels

10. relative earning gaps are increasing Male Female

11. 2% 2000 8% 89% 1% 1980 6% 93% 0.5% 1960 4% 95% South Korea and Senegal: balanced pyramid of education achievement? 26% 2000 55% 18% 1980 9% 49% 42% 1960 3% 17% 80%

12. changing education and training needs • serving the local economy • higher skill levels • flexibility to adapt to change

13. changes in job task-skill demands in the USA (1960 – 1998) Source: Autor, Levy, and Murnane (2003) “The Skill Content of Recent Technological Change: An Empirical Exploration,” Quarterly Journal of Economics.

15. PISA results for selected countries OECD Average

17. changing education and training needs • serving the local economy • higher skill levels • flexibility to adapt to change • need for continuing education

18. from innocence

19. … to wisdom

20. Formal Learning Informal Learning Learning Systems Non-Formal Learning Framework for Lifelong Learning 80 AGE 0 AGE

21. university of the future? continuing education postgraduate studies first degree

22. changing education and training needs • serving the local economy • higher skill levels • flexibility to adapt to change • need for continuing education • learning to learn and unlearn continuously

23. new pedagogical approaches • focus on learning rather than teaching • new and varied modalities for learning • learning tailored to needs of individuals • teacher as guide and facilitator • reliance on advanced education technology in appropriate ways

24. TIME same Physical mtgs. Print-on-paper books, journals Hands on labs, shops, studios GEOGRAPHIC PLACE same

25. TIME different same Physical mtgs. Print-on-paper books, journals Hands on labs, shops, studios Shared notebook Library reserves Time-shared labs, shops, studios same GEOGRAPHIC PLACE AV Conference Web search Online, real time instruments Email Autonomous instruments different

26. a brave new world • social and economic progress is achieved principally through the advancement and application of knowledge World Development Report 1998/99

27. outline of the presentation... • changing education & training needs • the role of private tertiary education

28. dimensions of diversity: size • constitutional ban • limited private • significant participation • majority enrollment

29. share of private higher education enrolments South Korea 75% Indonesia 65% Philippines 80% Colombia 60% Brazil 60%

30. dimensions of diversity: legal status • non-profit • for profit • private within public institution • publicly contracted schools or colleges within private institution

31. potential benefits • providing additional access opportunities in constrained public resources environment

32. potential benefits • additional access opportunities in constrained public resources environment

33. enrollment rates by region(1970-2001)

34. proportion of private enrollment in selected countries

35. growth of private enrollment in Latin America (1970 - 1994)

36. growth of private enrollment in Europe and Central Asia (1995 - 2003)

37. potential benefits • additional access opportunities in constrained public resources environment • greater relevance: being closer to employers’ needs

38. university-industry linkages • involvement of productive sectors and regional authorities in strategic planning • Board of Trustees with representatives from industry • curriculum committees with industry practitioners • internships • visiting professors from industry • consultancy and applied research projects • science parks, incubators, etc. • alumni network

39. potential benefits • additional access opportunities in constrained public resources environment • greater relevance: being closer to employers’ needs • flexibility: ability to respond to changing demands

40. nursing training in the US • public colleges • too academic • slow to react • lack resources • private for-profit • reliance on practitioners • have learned ropes of accreditation • able to invest resources • open within six months

41. potential benefits • additional access opportunities in constrained public resources environment • greater relevance: being closer to employers’ needs • flexibility: ability to respond to changing demands • providing healthy stimulation through competition

42. healthy competition • Bolivia (external evaluation) • Uruguay (strategic planning, postgraduate programs) • Russia (curriculum) • Bulgaria (credit transfer) • Malaysia (linkages with industry) • Turkey (academic freedom)

44. outline of the presentation... • changing education & training needs • the role of private tertiary education • new challenges for the State

45. opportunity or challenge?

46. the quality challenge • the best show in town

47. the best show in town • among the top 20 universities in the US, only two are public • in several Latin American countries (Mexico, Colombia, Chile, Peru), among top five universities

48. the quality challenge • diploma mills • franchise institutions • quality assurance for virtual institutions and e-learning

49. franchise universities

50. the equity challenge • the higher the tuition fees, the more elitist the institution • student aid? • progressive fees • scholarships • student loans