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POST – INDEPENDENT DEVELOPMENTS IN PRINT MEDIA

POST – INDEPENDENT DEVELOPMENTS IN PRINT MEDIA. Print Media at the Time of Independence.

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POST – INDEPENDENT DEVELOPMENTS IN PRINT MEDIA

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  1. POST – INDEPENDENT DEVELOPMENTS IN PRINT MEDIA

  2. Print Media at the Time of Independence • The number of newspapers and magazine grew at a medium pace. Bombay Samachar, the olds newspaper of India, continued to surge ahead in terms of circulation and depth of its editorials. The Press of India was concentrated in only four metropolitan cities before independence. • However, after 1947, it expanded its operations. New towns and small townships became important for newspapers and magazines alike. The north-eastern regions were also explored by many newspaper publishers.AnandBazarPatrika, Jugantar, and Bengali dailies dominated all other dailies of India in terms of circulation.

  3.  PRINT MEDIA DURING SIXTIES • During the sixties, Hindustan Times, The Hindu, Amrit Bazaar Patrika, National Herald and Bombay Samacharreigned in the world of print media. In Kottayam, MalayalaManorama did well. During the seventies the number of dailies and magazines increased at a fast pace.  • In Delhi, Sarita, Mukta, and Champak were published by Delhi Press. The headquarters of the organization are located at Jhandwalan, New Delhi.

  4.  PRINT MEDIA DURING SEVENTIES • The seventies saw the advent of film magazines on the scenario of the print media. Filmy Kaliyan was the most popular magazine (dedicated to Hindi cinema) during the seventies. Punjab Kesari dominated in Punjab, Haryana and Himachal Pradesh. • It was published in Hindi. Its sister publication, Hind Samachar, was published in Urdu. Punjab Keari competed with RozanaAjit (Punjabi) and The Tribune (English). LalaJagatNarain, the sprit behind the Punjab Kesari Group, Started a Pujanbi Daily, Jagbani. It was an instant hit during the early eighties.

  5.  PRINT MEDIA DURING SEVENTIES • In the south, The Hindu, The Daily Thanthi, KalNirnay, and Malaya Monorama ruled the play. The Hindu is still the most dominating English daily of the Chennai region. Besides, some Telugu Newspapers also appeared in Hyderabad, but these could not become national dailies. • During the mid seventies “The Illustrated Weekly of India” dominated the literary scenario of India. This magazine was published on  a newspaper – sized paper and colours were used to illustrate it.

  6.  PRINT MEDIA DURING SEVENTIES • However, during  the eighties, its size was reduced to make it a weekly of small size.  Khushwant Singh contributed a lot to make it a success. Nevertheless, it is a weekly of India, dominated the literary scenario of India.  • Hindi magazines also eroded the market of English magazines because people were more comfortable while reading Hindi magazines or the ones in their respective native languages. • English magazines and newspapers were supposed to be associated with upper–middle, educated segments of the Indian society.

  7. PRINT MEDIA DURING EMERGENCY PERIOD • Ms Indira Gandhi declared emergency on June 26, 1975. The freedom of the Press was restricted. The print media were required to write and print what ever the Government  wanted. • During the days of the emergency many Press reporters, writers, and columnists were harassed by the Government .

  8. PRINT MEDIA DURING EMERGENCY PERIOD • The Press became fully free when emergency was lifted. Ms Indira Gandhi lost the Parliamentary election to Mr Raj Narain by 55,00 votes (in 1977). • She captured the corridors of power (in New Delhi) again in 1980 She never interfered with the operation of the Press and its freedom until her death in 1984. She also ordered the closure of National Herald. This newspaper was a mouthpiece of the Congress and had been facing financial difficulties for quite some time.

  9. GROWING PACE OF PRINT MEDIA DURING EIGHTIES • At the end of 1983, the total number of newspapers in India was 20,578. There were 1,423 dailies, 6,122 weeklies and 13,105 other publication in India at the end of 1983. • On December 31, 1983, the total circulation of newspapers periodicals was 5, 53,91,000 copies. Newspapers were not published from Arunachal Pradesh and Lakshadweep (in 1983)

  10. GROWING PACE OF PRINT MEDIA DURING EIGHTIES • Uttar Pradesh published 2,912 newspapers, the highest number in 1983. It was followed by Maharashtra (2,654),Delhi(2,637) and west Bengal (2,274). • The data of other states has been give as follows: •     Tamil nadu (1,289) •     Rajasthan (1,142) •     Andhra Pradesh (1,123) •     Kerala (1,085) • All these data relate to newspapers that were published in 1983. 

  11. GROWING PACE OF PRINT MEDIA DURING EIGHTIES • Further, in the same year, 26 foreign missions were also involved in publishing operations. The Embassy of the USSR brought out 49 various publications in 1983. It worked in liaison with Progress Publishers, Moscow. • Newspapers were brought out in 91 languages – 16 Principle languages and 75 other regional languages. Since 1983, newspapers have also been published in Gangte and Marathi. The highest number of newspapers was in Hindi (5,936) followed by the number of magazines in English (3,840) • By the end of the eighties, the Press assumed a great role as an informer, motivator, and opinion maker. The free market wave swept through the corridors of the print media as well. Many new publishers tried to start new magazines and newspapers.

  12. PRINT MEDIA AT THE END OF NINETIES • At the end of 1997, the total number of newspaper and periodicals was 41, 705. Among these, there were 4,719 dailies,14,743 weeklies and 21,918 other periodicals. Newspapers were published form all the states and UTs. Uttar Pradesh claimed the top spot in the field of newspapers with 7,449 news papers to its credit (in 1997). It was followed by Delhi, Maharashtra, and west Bengal. • More than 1,000 newspapers were also brought out form Rajasthan, MP, TN, Karnataka, AP, Bihar and Kerala. In the case of dailies, UP remained at the top slot with 735 newspapers. It was followed by Bihar, MP, Maharashtra, and TN. The highest number of newspaper was published in Hindi (2,118), followed by Urdu (495) and English (338).

  13. PRINT MEDIA AT THE END OF NINETIES • As on December 31, 1997, the total circulation of newspapers and periodicals was 10, 5708,97 copies . Note that this figure in 1996 was 8,94,34,000. In 1997, Hindustan Times emerged as the larges circulated single edition daily, with a circulation of 5, 40,915 copes. • The Times of India (Mumbai) came a close second, with 5, 30,504 copies, Anand Bazaar Patrika came at the third spot with 4, 90,763 copes. Among the multi – edition dailies, RoudramukhiSwar topped with a circulation of 12, 92,277 copies (in 16 editions).

  14. PRINT MEDIA AT THE END OF NINETIES • The second position in this category was claimed by the Times (Hindi) with seven editions and a circulation of 12, 43,603 copies. MalayalaManorama (a weekly) was declared the largest circulated periodical with a circulation of 11, 27,414 copies.

  15. PRINT MEDIA AFTER THE NEW MILLENNIUM • In 2001, the total number of newspaper and periodicals in India was 51,960 this was 49,145 in 2000. In 2001, there were 5,638 dailies.18,582 weeklies, fortnightly magazines, 14,634 monthly magazines, 3634 quarterly magazines, 49 annual magazines and 1,774 other publications.  • In 2001, the largest number of newspapers was published from UP (8,397), follows byDelhi (6,726), Maharashtra (6,018) and MP (3,555), UP also had the largest number of newspapers (841) followed byMaharashtra (573), and Karnataka (479).

  16. PRINT MEDIA AFTER THE NEW MILLENNIUM • The circulation of Hindi and English dailies and fortnightly magazines is increasing in India. As per census (2001), the literacy rate of our country is 65.38 per cent. The rising levels of literacy have also promoted the sale of English  dailies. The English is emerging as a common language for mass communication and education in India.

  17. Current Scenario • Indian newspaper industry is slated to grow manifold, with growth rate circling around 6%. • Market share is projected to grow from Rs 56,300 crore to Rs 92,900 crore by the end of 2013, as per the research done by the Price water house cooper. • However, Indian readership survey 2009 says that almost all of the English dailies are losing readership at a rate much faster than the rate of their growth including the biggies such as Times of India and HT.

  18. Current Scenario • Top newspapers in India are now opting for high-speed web presses like that of Goss, MAN Roland, Mitsubishi and mailroom systems from Ferag and Muller Martini. However, the majority of newspapers are continuing their production on indigenously produced equipment. • With this impressive growth in the industry, it is high time that the high-end manufacturers from developed countries may enter into India either in collaboration with local manufacturers or independently to tap the growing demand

  19. Current Scenario • It would indeed be a major step in this industry and the effect would be for all of us to see. Quality has become an important factor in the industry and Indian newspapers are continuously investing in quality control equipments. The demand for automatic registration control systems has increased to the extent that leading manufacturer QI Press Controls is planning to come up with manufacturing activities in India.

  20. Current Scenario • The newspaper sales are mostly done through paper stands and stalls, which needs consumer to buy the paper daily. • In India, the sales are largely done through door to door. • The reputation enjoyed by newspapers is far more trustworthy and reliable than that of any other mass communication medium. • Newspapers are still the primary and at times the only source of news available. • People have a certain sense of loyalty towards the paper they read.

  21. Thank you

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