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A special class of Proteins…Enzymes!. Used to speed up chemical reactions Sensitive to changes in pH, heat or cold…denatured Reused, Recycled, repeat Catabolic vs Anabolic. Enzyme Basics. Substrate/Active site Reactant/Product Enzymes specific to chemical reaction. Ex: lock and key
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A special class of Proteins…Enzymes! • Used to speed up chemical reactions • Sensitive to changes in pH, heat or cold…denatured • Reused, Recycled, repeat • Catabolic vs Anabolic
Enzyme Basics • Substrate/Active site • Reactant/Product • Enzymes specific to chemical reaction. • Ex: lock and key • Catabolic: break apart, release energy • Anabolic: put together, takes in energy • Speed up chemical reaction • Lowers activation energy
Catabolic Enzyme To take apart Take a polysaccharide and break it apart = many monosaccharides “gossipers” Anabolic Enzyme To put together/to build Ex: take 5 amino acids + peptide bonds = protein “matchmaker” What is the difference?
Catabolic Enzymes • Enzymes that break down molecules • Ex: Lipids • Enzyme: Lipases • Schindler Disease- a sugar/lipid accumulates • Lack of lipases or non functional • Sugar Lipids accumulate in tissues, liver, brain
Anabolic Enzymes • Take the monomers and create polymers • Make protein and DNA for cells • Ex: Anabolic Steroid (this is a lipid!!)
Enzymes impact on rate of a reaction • Enzymes work to decrease amount of energy needed per reaction • Less energy released per reaction is GOOD • Ex: amylase- carbohydrate digestion
Point of Saturation • Reactants have filled up all possible active sites • Enzyme can not work any faster • Maximum velocity • Saturation point
Enzyme Overview • Enzymes have an optimal temperature • Denatured by extreme heat/cold/pH • Enzymes are reused, recycled • Reduce amount of energy needed/reaction • Point of saturation = maximum velocity • Specific “lock and key”
Wayyy more then you need! • Inactive site, metal ion (co-factor), conformation change induced • Active site ready, substrate attaches • Reaction proceeds, recycle… • Ex: RBC’s, Fe (hemoglobin iron-cofactor protein found in a RBC), holds 4 oxygen molecules • Anemia, Iron deficiency