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KEY CONCEPT Scientists study the functions and chemistry of the brain.

Scientists study brain functions and chemistry using advanced techniques like MRI and PET scans. Understanding neurotransmitters helps explain diseases like schizophrenia and addiction caused by drug-induced changes.

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KEY CONCEPT Scientists study the functions and chemistry of the brain.

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  1. KEY CONCEPT Scientists study the functions and chemistry of the brain.

  2. New techniques improve our understanding of the brain. • Today, scientists study the brain without surgery.

  3. CT (computerized tomography)uses x-rays to view structure. • There are three common technologies. • MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) uses magnetic fields and radio waves to view structure. • PET detects activity, uses radioactive glucose

  4. synapse receptor neurotransmitter What alters brain chemistry? Drugs and Illness • Different neurotransmitters relate to different functions. Normal • some stimulate impulses • some prevent impulses

  5. Schizophrenia, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer's disease • depression • Abnormal levels of neurotransmitter can cause illness. Schizophrenic Normal Depressed

  6. Drugs alter brain chemistry. • Addiction is the physiological need for a substance. • Tolerance occurs when more drug is needed to produce an effect. • Drugs might cause desensitization or sensitization. • desensitization: more neurotransmitter leads to fewer receptors • sensitization: less neurotransmitter leads to more receptors. When the amount of neurotransmitter becomes abnormal, the adjacent neuron adapts.

  7. cocaine neurotransmitter synapse • may increase neurotransmitter in synapse • may decrease removal of neurotransmitter in synapse • Stimulants cause more action potentials

  8. may produce neurotransmitter that prevent impulses • may slow release of neurotransmitter that generates impulses • Depressants cause fewer action potentials.

  9. Stimulants:

  10. Open books to page 891Define the termsAnswer this questions alsoMake a list of the five neurotransmitters on page 892 and describe each function.

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