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INVESTMENT IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND IMPACT ON FOOD AND NUTRITIONAL SECURITY IN NIGERIA

INVESTMENT IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND IMPACT ON FOOD AND NUTRITIONAL SECURITY IN NIGERIA. Paper Presented at the 2014 National Agricultural Show Seminar, 13 th Oct., 2014 , Nasarawa State. By Prof. B. Y. Abubakar , OFR Executive Secretary. INTRODUCTION. INTRODUCTION.

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INVESTMENT IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND IMPACT ON FOOD AND NUTRITIONAL SECURITY IN NIGERIA

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  1. INVESTMENT IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND IMPACT ON FOOD AND NUTRITIONAL SECURITY IN NIGERIA Paper Presented at the 2014 National Agricultural Show Seminar, 13th Oct., 2014, NasarawaState. By Prof. B. Y. Abubakar, OFR Executive Secretary

  2. INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Sustainable agricultural growth requires greater emphasis on productivity growth in view of declining cultivable areas Application of innovative techniques for agricultural production is a fundamental and crucial step in improving livelihoods in most societies There is generally a strong correlation between increased agricultural research investment and agricultural productivity. Our priority - Ensure that research makes the greatest possible contribution to raising human welfare using the limited available resources while attracting more investments This presentation examines investments in agricultural research and it’s impact on food security in Nigeria.

  3. WHY INVEST IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH? Poor funding of research leads to inability to deliver improved agricultural technologies, achieve increased productivity and other related benefits There is a high rate of return to society on investments in agricultural research. hg For example, for every US dollar spent on agricultural research in 2010 in Brazil, US$9.35 accrued to the society SOURCES OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH FUNDING IN NIGERIA Primary source of funding is the Federal Government Private sector investments are negligible Capital Budget releases are usually incomplete (about 50% of approved ) and often out of tune with research work plans

  4. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SPENDING TREND IN NIGERIA TRENDING INVESTMENTS IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN NIGERIA Investment in agricultural research doubled between 2000 & 2008 owing to high personnel cost and increased capital allocation. However, allocations demonstrated a high level of fluctuation and instability (Figure 1) Figure 1: Nominal Capital budgetary allocation to NARIs (2000-2014) Note: 2009 figure includes ₦1B released under CARGS, while 2012, 2013 and 2014 includes R&D allocations of ₦2.25B, ₦2.71B and 0.70B, under the ATA in Ministry’s budget

  5. … AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SPENDING TREND IN NIGERIA Personnel cost takes major share of agricultural research spending in Nigeria (Figure 2) Investment in agriculture research and development averaged about 0.5% of AgGDP; below the SSA average of 0.6% and the commitment of 1% Figure 2: Distribution of 2014 budgetary allocations to agricultural research in Nigeria Source: Abubakar (2014)

  6. … AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH SPENDING TREND IN NIGERIA The national expenditure in major imports by far outweighs agricultural research investments in Nigeria. For example, 1 week rice import = 2010 Capital allocation to NARIs (₦6.9 Billion) Between 61 and 79% of capital allocations to agricultural research institutes was spent on infrastructural development, while 21-39% was spent on research activities between 2005 and 2009 (Figure 3) Figure 3: Comparison between Research and Infrastructural allocations by NARIs (2005-2009) Source: Malomo (2013)

  7. PERFORMANCE OF NIGERIA IN FOOD SECURITY PERFORMANCE OF NIGERIA IN FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY Nigeria has made significant progress in food security status (Figures 4-6) and that explains why the country achieved MDG 1 about 2 years ahead of the target date Between 1990 and 2013, Nigeria’s GHI has decreased by about 41% Prevalence of malnutrition decreased by about 31% between 1990 and 2011 Mortality rate for children under 5 years in Nigeria decreased by about 39% between 1999 and 2013 Figure 4: Trend of Global Hunger Index for Nigeria

  8. … PERFORMANCE OF NIGERIA IN FOOD SECURITY Figure 5: Prevalence of food inadequacy in Nigeria (1990 – 2012) Prevalence of food inadequacy reduced by about 67% between 1990 and 2010

  9. … PERFORMANCE OF NIGERIA IN FOOD SECURITY The number of undernourished people decreased by about 55% between 1990 and 2010 Figure 6: Number of undernourished people in Nigeria

  10. Table 1: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INVESTMENT IN AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AND FOOD SECURITY INDICATORS IN NIGERIA Note: HP = High +; LP = Low +; MP = Medium +; Improved investment in agricultural research will lead to better availability and access to food as well as reducing vulnerability to food insecurity in Nigeria

  11. AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH TECHNOLOGIES AND IMPACT ON FOOD SECURITY A study commissioned by ARCN showed that over 170 agricultural technologies were developed by the NARIs from 1997 – 2008 (ARCN, 2010). Over 50 technologies have been developed by NARIs, universities and other stakeholders under CARGS in the course of implementation of the scheme. In 2008 – 2009, ARCN also commissioned a series of impact assessment studies of technologies developed by the NARIs to measure benefits to end-users The studies revealed that agricultural technologies in Nigeria had positive social and economic impacts on adopters and other end-users

  12. … AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH TECHNOLOGIES AND IMPACT ON FOOD SECURITY Annual mean monetary gain to society ranged from low for early bearing cocoa variety to high for six rice varieties studied (Table 2). Adopters of many of the technologies were found to be more food secured than non-adopters. Both expenditure and income-base poverty gap indices indicated worsening poverty towards non-adopters. Other social gains abound

  13. Table 2: Monetary gains to society from varietal improvement and adoption in Nigeria Note: *Developed by IITA, Ibadan and NRCRI, Umudike; **Developed by IITA, IRRI, ArficaRiceand adapted by NCRI; ***Developed by IAR, Zaria and IITA, Ibadan Source: Phillips et al.(2009, 2010)

  14. WAY FORWARD Massive and sustained public and private investments in R&D are required in order for agriculture to benefit from developed technologies. Need to target technologies that enhance improving efficiency of farmers’ use of agricultural inputs. Need to separate research funds from capital budget to ensure timely releases and increased research outputs. Need for greater focus on adding value to outputs from primary production through processing. Improve research-extension linkages towards enhancing the social benefits derivable from agricultural research investments.

  15. CONCLUSION Improving agricultural research investment would result in better food security status in Nigeria. Owing to the time lag between investment and research output, there is need for sustainable improved resources mobilization for agricultural research operations in Nigeria. Hence, the justification to reform and restructure the research system to be more responsive to the needs of end-users.

  16. Thank You For Your Attention

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