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Ecology

Explore the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment. Learn about ecosystems, energy roles, food chains, predator-prey interactions, and adaptations to the environment.

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Ecology

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  1. Ecology The study of the interactions of organisms with one another and their surroundings

  2. Organism • Any living thing

  3. Ecosystem Community of organisms (living things) that live in a certain area

  4. Includes Living and Non-living surroundings

  5. Living Things and the Environment

  6. BioticSurroundings Living Surroundings Other animals and plant life

  7. Abiotic Surroundings Non-Living Surroundings Rocks, Water, Sunlight, Dirt

  8. Energy Roles Each organism in an ecosystem fills a role

  9. Three Roles Producer Consumer Decomposer

  10. Producers Plants Chlorophyll (Green) Photosynthesis

  11. Consumers Feed on other organisms

  12. Herbivores – Eat Plants Carnivores – Eat Animals

  13. Omnivores – Eat both Plants and Animals

  14. Decomposers Found in the Dirt Break Down dead material

  15. Include mushrooms, earthworms, pillbugs, and bacteria

  16. Energy Pyramid 2ND LEVEL CONSUMERS 1ST LEVEL CONSUMERS Decomposer PRODUCERS

  17. Energy Pyramids Shows the amount of energy that moves from one level to the next

  18. The most energy is available at the bottom (producer level), and has less energy as you move up

  19. General Rule…. Only 10 PERCENT of the energy is transferred to the next level.

  20. Why? 90 % of the energy has already been used by the organism in order to survive. (Grow, breed)

  21. Construct an Energy Pyramid • Grass, Fungi, Lion, Zebra

  22. Ecosystem Lion Zebra Fungi Grass

  23. Construct an Energy Pyramid • Catepillar, Bird, Earthworm, Leaf

  24. Ecosystem Bird Catepillar Earthworms Leaf

  25. Food Chain

  26. Food Chains A series of events in which one organism eats another and obtains energy

  27. Food Chains show only ONE possible path

  28. Example Bird Caterpillar Tree

  29. Food Webs

  30. Consists of the many possible paths of obtaining food in an ecosystem (area)

  31. More Realistic, since many producers and consumers are part of many food chains

  32. First – Level Consumers Feed on the Producers

  33. Second – Level Consumers Eats the first –level Consumers

  34. Predator and Prey Interactions

  35. Predator • The organism that goes in for the kill

  36. Prey • The organism that dies

  37. Example • A shark kills a fish • Predator • Shark • Prey • Fish

  38. Adapting to the Environment

  39. Natural Selection • A characteristic that makes an organism better suited to its environment

  40. ADAPTATIONS • Cactus – Sharp spines

  41. Types of Adaptations • Mimicry • Protective Covering • False Coloring • Camouflage • Warning Coloring

  42. Camouflage • Blending into the environment

  43. Mimicry • Copy Cat looks and acts like another species or object.

  44. False Coloring

  45. Environmental Change

  46. Some animals change due to environmental changes (SEASONAL changes)

  47. Arctic Fox WINTER

  48. Arctic Fox SUMMER

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