Systems Analysis and Design with UML Version 2.0 An Object-Oriented Approach, Second Edition

1. Systems Analysis and Designwith UML Version 2.0An Object-Oriented Approach, Second Edition Chapter 3: Project Initiation

2. PROJECT INITIATION Chapter 3

3. Key Ideas • Projects being when someone sees an opportunity to create business value from using information technology. • Feasibility analysis is used to aid in the decision of whether or not to proceed with the IS project.

4. Key Ideas • The project sponsor is a key person proposing development or adoption of the new information technology . • The approval committee reviews proposals from various groups and units in the organization and decides which to commit to developing.

5. IDENTIFYING BUSINESS VALUE

6. Business Value • Business value is determined by weighing the cost against the benefits – both tangible and intangible. • Tangible benefits are quantifiable and measurable. --save 500,000 dollars in services, etc. • Intangible benefits are improvements that are suspected to be able to give tangible benefits but are not as measurable. -- improve customer service.

7. System Request • Lists key elements of the project • Project name • Project sponsor • Business need • Functionality • Expected value • Special issues or constraints

8. FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS

9. Feasibility Analysis • Detailing Expected Costs and Benefits • Technical feasibility • Economic feasibility • Organizational feasibility

10. Technical Feasibility:Can We Build It? • Familiarity with application • Knowledge of business domain • Familiarity with technology • Extension of existing firm technologies • Project size • Number of people, time, and features

11. Economic FeasibilityShould We Build It? • Development costs • Annual operational costs • Annual benefits • Intangible costs and benefit

12. Economic Feasibility Process • 1. Identify Costs and Benefits • 2. Assign Values • 3. Determine Cash Flow • 4. Determine New Present Value • 5. Determine Return on Investment • 6. Calculate Break-Even Point • 7. Graph Break-Even Point

13. Cost–Benefit Analysis • Way of determining whether a possible course of action would be profitable • Compare estimated future benefits against projected future costs • Fundamental technique in deciding whether a client should computerize his/her business and in what way

14. Cost–Benefit Analysis • Compare estimated future benefits against costs • Estimate costs • Estimate benefits • State all assumptions explicitly

15. Cost–Benefit Analysis • Possible costs • Procurement costs • Consulting costs • Actual equipment purchase or lease costs • Equipment installation costs • Costs for modifying equipment site (air conditioning, security, etc,) • Cost of management and staff dealing with procurement

16. Cost–Benefit Analysis • Possible costs • Start-up costs • Cost of operating system software • Cost of personnel searches and hiring activities • Cost of disruption to the rest of the organization • Cost of management required to direct start-up activity

17. Cost–Benefit Analysis • Possible costs • Project-related costs • Cost of applications software purchased • Cost of software modifications to fit local systems • Cost of personnel from in-house application development • Cost of training user personnel in application use • Cost of data collection and installing data collection procedures • Cost of preparing documentation • Cost of development management

18. Cost–Benefit Analysis • Possible costs • Ongoing costs • System maintenance costs (hardware, software, and facilities) • Depreciation costs on hardware • Cost of staff involved in ITS management, operation, and planning activities

19. Costs Benefits Tangible * * * * * * * * * * * * Intangible 1. Identify Costs and Benefits2. Assign Values

20. 3. Determine Cash Flow Cash Flow Method for Cost Benefit Analysis

21. 4. Determine New Present Value Return on Investment Calculation RETURN ON INVESTMENT EQUALS Total (benefits - costs) Divided by Total costs

22. NET PRESENT VALUE EQUALS Some amount of money Divided by (1 + interest rate)n Where “n” equals the number of periods Net Present Value Calculation

23. Organizational FeasibilityIf we build it, will they come? • Stakeholder analysis considers • Project champion(s) • Organizational management • System users

24. Summary • Project initiation involves creating and assessing goals and expectations for a new system • Identifying the business value of the new project is a key to success • The system request describes an overview of the proposed system. • The feasibility study is concerned with insuring that technical, economic, and organizational benefits outweigh costs and risks

25. Expanding the Domain • For an excellent source of information on IT management see: • www.cio.com