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Chapter 2 Control of the Internal Environment

Chapter 2 Control of the Internal Environment. EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance, 6 th edition Scott K. Powers & Edward T. Howley. Objectives. Define the terms homeostasis and steady state Diagram and discuss a biological control system

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Chapter 2 Control of the Internal Environment

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  1. Chapter 2Control of the Internal Environment EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance, 6th edition Scott K. Powers & Edward T. Howley

  2. Objectives • Define the terms homeostasis and steady state • Diagram and discuss a biological control system • Give an example of a biological control system • Explain negative feedback • Define what is meant by the gain of a control system

  3. Homeostasis: Dynamic Constancy • Homeostasis • Maintenance of a constant internal environment • Steady state • Balance between the demands placed on a body and the physiological response to those demands

  4. Body Core Temperature During Exercise Fig 2.2

  5. Blood Pressure at Rest Fig 2.3

  6. Control Systems of the Body • Goal • To regulate some physiological variable at or near constant value

  7. Non-Biological Control System  in room Temperature below 200 C • Room Temperature Signals thermostat To turn off heat Room temperature Returns to 200 C Thermostat set at 200 C Heating System Fig 2.4

  8. Biological Control Systems • Series of interconnected components that serve to maintain a physical or chemical parameter at or near constant • Receptor • Capable of detecting changes • Integrating center • Assesses input and initiates response • Effector • Corrects changes to internal environment

  9. Components of a Biological Control System Fig 2.5

  10. Negative Feedback • Most biological control systems • Response reverses the initial disturbance in homeostasis

  11. Gain of a Control System • Gain of the system • Degree to which the control system maintains homeostasis • System with large gain is more capable of maintaining homeostasis

  12. Example:Regulation of Blood Pressure Fig 2.6

  13. Example:Regulation of Blood Glucose Fig 2.7

  14. Example:Cellular Stress Response Fig 2.8

  15. Exercise: A Test of Homeostatic Control • Submaximal exercise in a cool environment • The body’s control systems can maintain steady state • Maximal exercise or exercise in a hot/humid environment • May not be able to maintain steady state • Severe disturbances in homeostasis can occur

  16. Chapter 2Control of the Internal Environment

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