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Control of the Internal Environment

Learn about homeostasis, the body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment, and how biological control systems regulate various physiological parameters. Explore examples of control mechanisms and the components of control systems. Discover the importance of negative feedback in maintaining dynamic constancy.

rogerhughes
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Control of the Internal Environment

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  1. Chapter 2 Control of the Internal Environment

  2. Homeostasis: Dynamic Constancy • Homeostasis • Maintenance of a constant or unchanging “normal” internal environment • Few / mild demands so few responses

  3. Homeostasis: Dynamic Constancy • Steady state • Constant internal environment, but not necessarily “normal” • Balance achieved between demands placed on body and the response to those demands

  4. Some Examples:

  5. Changes in Blood Pressure at Rest

  6. Changes in Body Core Temperature During Exercise

  7. What controls the system?

  8. Biological Control Systems • Series of interconnected components that serve to maintain a physical or chemical parameter near normal • Receptor • Capable of detecting changes • Integrating center • Assesses input and initiates response • Effector • Corrects changes to internal environment

  9. Nature of Control Systems • Most control systems act via negative feedback • Response reverses the initial disturbance in homeostasis

  10. Components of a Biological Control System

  11. Regulation of Room Temperature: a Non-Biological Control System

  12. Example of Homeostatic Control:Regulation of Blood Pressure • Stimulus • Increased blood pressure from HR • Receptors • Baroreceptors in carotid arteries and aorta • Integrating center • Medulla of the brain • Effector • Heart • Response • Decreased blood pumped from heart

  13. Example of Homeostatic Control:Regulation of Blood Pressure

  14. Example of Homeostatic Control:Regulation of Blood Glucose

  15. Nature of Control Systems • Gain of the system • Degree to which the control system maintains homeostasis • System with large gain is more capable of maintaining homeostasis • Large gain = narrow limits • Small gain = wide limits

  16. Example of Homeostatic Control:Regulation of Blood Glucose

  17. Questions?

  18. END

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