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Protein Synthesis

Protein Synthesis. What are genes?. Gene: coded DNA instructions that control the production of protein in the cell. We can’t do anything without proteins.  Instructions for telling our bodies what to do!. Genes = Instructions. What are genes?. DNA. ONLY found in the nucleus.

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Protein Synthesis

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  1. Protein Synthesis

  2. What are genes? • Gene: coded DNA instructions that control the production of protein in the cell We can’t do anything without proteins.  Instructions for telling our bodies what to do! Genes = Instructions

  3. What are genes?

  4. DNA • ONLY found in the nucleus • Instructions found in nucleotide sequence of DNA PROTEIN • Synthesized OUTSIDE the nucleus • BUT…… • Need to get instructions out of nucleus • HOW?!?!?!

  5. DNA vs RNA RNA CAN move out of the nucleus to other parts of the cell Decode DNA into RNA

  6. DNA vs RNA 3 Differences

  7. RNA 3 Types of RNA involved in synthesizing proteins 1. mRNA (messenger RNA) • Carries copies of instructions from DNA • to other parts of cell  From nucleus to cytoplasm

  8. RNA 2. rRNA (ribosomal RNA) Sits in ribosome and decodes mRNA into amino acids (proteins)

  9. RNA Ribosomes 3. tRNA (transfer RNA) • Transfers amino acids (AA) • to ribosomes • Protein factory • Proteins = • AA+AA+AA+AA+AA……….

  10. Transcription (RNA Synthesis) • Process of copying DNA nucleotide sequence into COMPLEMENTARY RNA nucleotides. STEPS: RNA polymerase attaches to area of DNA molecule. RNA poly “opens” DNA molecule. 3. RNA poly synthesizes complementary RNA nucleotides (mRNA).

  11. Transcription (RNA Synthesis) Base Pairing Rules Nucleotides in DNA: A T C G      Nucleotides in RNA: A U C G     

  12. Video

  13. Translation (Protein Synthesis) • Decoding mRNA molecules to make • proteins (AA/polypeptides) TRANSLATING RNA sequence into protein sequence  Occurs on the ribosome  Uses all 3 RNAs

  14. Translation (Protein Synthesis)

  15. Translation (Protein Synthesis) STEPS: mRNA in cytoplasm attaches to ribosome.

  16. Translation (Protein Synthesis) 2. mRNA codon moves through ribosome.

  17. Translation (Protein Synthesis) 3. tRNA (anticodon) brings matching AA. CODON ANTIcodon

  18. Translation (Protein Synthesis) • Stopping and Starting • START CODON = AUG • STOP CODON = UGA, UAG, UAA

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