The Outer Planets

1. The Outer Planets 20.4

2. Jupiter

3. Jupiter It is the 5th planet from the sun, and the largest planet in the solar system • Contains more mass than all the other planets combined. .

4. Jupiter • Diameter: 142, 796 km • Revolution: 11.86 years • Rotation: 9 hours, 55 minutes • 60+ moons • 1 ring ( faint dust rings) • 5.203 AU from sun

5. Atmosphere of Jupiter • The atmosphere is hydrogen and helium and gradually changes into a planet-wide ocean of liquid hydrogen and helium towards the middle of the planet. • Jupiter may even have a solid rocky core. However, if it did it would not be like Earth’s because of extreme pressure(30 times Earth’s) and temperature. • The atmosphere appears full of colorful clouds- swirls of white,red, tan and brown.

6. The Structure of Jupiter

7. Great Red Spot • In the atmosphere is also a continuous storm, that appears very red. It is full of swirling high pressure gases. • This one storm is about 12000 km from top to bottom, and lightning has been observed in it the winds blow hundreds of kilometers an hour.

8. Red Spot

9. Rings and Moons • Jupiter has a faint dust ring around it. • Jupiter has 60+ moons,the four largest were discovered by Galileo in 1610. They are Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto.

10. Io • Closest to Jupiter • Gravity pulls on Io from Europa and Jupiter. This causes Io to be very hot. Io is the most volcanically active body in the entire solar system. • Io has no atmosphere- so you couldn’t hear or feel the volcanic blasts.

11. Europa 2nd moon out from Jupiter. Completely composed of rock with a thin crust of ice 70 miles deep. Under that ice is an ocean of water Has a thin oxygen atmosphere. It is also smooth- no impact craters, no valleys, no canyons, no mountains or volcanoes, no flood plains. Has right ingredients for primitive life.

12. Ganymede • Largest moon in the solar system- larger than Pluto and Mercury but not near the mass. • Consists mostly of ice- may have had oceans of water, but froze- if it were warmer, people could possibly live there. It’s daytime temp now is –180F

13. Callisto • 4th moon out from Jupiter • Composed of ice and rock • Has impact craters that are 4 billion years old, and its surface has stayed the same for almost that long. It is considered to be the longest intact surface in the solar system.

14. Saturn 6th Planet from the Sun

15. The Ringed Planet • Voyager probes saw Saturn in 1980-1981 • 2nd largest planet in the solar system • Lowest density-could float on water • Saturn is considered to be a gaseous planet, same components as Jupiter- atmosphere hydrogen and helium and the rest ammonia, methane, and water vapor. • The atmosphere gradually turns into liquid Hydrogen and helium forming a ocean like Jupiter as well.

16. Saturn Facts • Diameter-120,660 Km • Revolution-29.46 years • Rotation-10 hours, 39 minutes • Orbital Speed –9.64Km/S • Moons- 31 or more • Rings- thousands • 9.529 AU from sun

17. Rings and Moons • Saturn has several broad rings each composed of thousands of ringlets. Each ring is composed of ice and rock particles from dust size to tens of meters across. • Saturn has 31 or more moons, the most well known-Titan- the largest moon of Saturn which has an atmosphere of Nitrogen, Argon, and Methane. This makes SMOG so thick we cannot see the surface.

19. Uranus 7th Planet from the Sun

20. Blue-Green Planet • Uranus wasn’t even discovered until 1781. • Large, gaseous planet with a system of thin, dark rings • The magnetic field is tilted 60 degrees from its rotational poles.

21. Uranus Facts • Diameter: 51,158 km • Revolution: 84.04 years • Rotation: 17 hours 14 minutes • Orbital Speed: 6.81km/s • Moons: 25 • Rings: 11 • 19.191 AU from Sun

22. Atmosphere • The atmosphere is composed of hydrogen, helium , and some methane. The methane is what causes it to look blue-green. • There are no cloud bands or storms. • Underneath the atmosphere: mantle of liquid water, methane, and ammonia, then a solid rocky core.

23. Rotation • Uranus rotates on its side

24. Neptune 8th planet from the Sun( most of the Time)

26. Neptune Facts • Diameter: 49,528 km • Revolution: 164.79 years • Rotation:16 hours, 3 minutes • Orbital Speed: 5.43 km/s • 13 moons • 4 rings • 30.061 AU from the sun

27. Neptune Neptune’s and Pluto’s orbits cross during part of their voyages around the sun. • This makes it most of the time the 8th planet out, but sometimes the furthest out. • From 1979-1999 Pluto was closer than Neptune, now Neptune is closer again.

28. Atmosphere • Atmosphere is composed of hydrogen, helium, and methane and its also appears blue. It has more methane than Uranus, so it appears a darker blue. • It has areas on the planet that are very dark, which contain storms. The Great Dark Spot, act like the Great Red Spot on Jupiter.

29. Moons of Neptune • There are 13 • The largest is Triton- which has a nitrogen atmosphere and methane geysers.

30. Pluto • It is a solid, rocky planet with ice and a thin atmosphere. It is normally further out in its orbit than Neptune. • The origin of Pluto is debated. There are icy comets near Neptune’s orbit, the question is: Are Pluto and it’s moon Charon part of the comets? • Another theory is they escaped the orbits of a large gaseous planet. • Or did they just form out there?

32. Pluto facts • Diameter: 2290 km • Revolution: 248.53 years • Rotation: 6 days, 9 hours • Orbital Speed: 4.74km/s • 1 moon • No rings • 39.529 AU from Sun

35. Charon • Charon is composed of various ices such as water and ammonia • 728 miles wide