A Journey from Analog to the Digital world

1. A Journey from Analog to the Digital world

2. How old is Communications…. • By Foot • Pigeons • Smoke Signals • Water Channels • Horses • Rail • Postal System • Telephone • Data Communications

3. By Foot

4. Pigeons NO HACKING

5. Smoke Signals

6. Water Channels

7. Horses

8. Rail

9. Postal System

10. Telephone

12. DIGITAL EXCHANGE

14. Data Communications Analogue or Digital

15. Information Age • First Industrial Revolution • Introduction of machinery • Changed the way people worked • Second Industrial Revolution – Information Age • Introduction of computers • Introduction of networking and data communication • Changed the way people worked • Faster communication  Collapsing Information lag • Brought people together  Globalization

16. 1850 1950 1900 2004-Til Date Collapsing Information Lag sped up the rate of transmission of information, Electronic communications telegraph Information took days or weeks to be transmitted Information transmitted in minutes or hours huge quantities of information transmitted in a fraction of a second. growth of telecommunications and especially computer networks globalization phenomenon (WWW)

17. Datacom Basics • Telecommunications • transmission of voice, video, data, • imply longer distances • - broader term Data Communications movement of computer information by means of electrical or optical transmission systems convergence Broadband Communications

18. Network Types (based on Scale) • Local Area Networks (LANs) - room, building • a group of PCs that share a circuit. • Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN) - (< 10 kms) • connects LANs and BNs at different locations • Wide Area Networks (WANs) - (> 10 kms)

19. S D S u r e S t o r e 7 1 8 H E W L E T T D L T P A C K A R D A u t o l o a d e r Core Router Legend: STM1 Link E3 Link Fast Ethernet BPX 8680 BPX 8680 Gigabit Ethernet ATM Switch ATM Switch Lahore Rawalpindi Core Router S D H E W L E T T D L T P A C K A R D S u r e S t o r e A u t o l o a d e r 7 1 8 EXAMPLE OF A NETWORK SUN E450 Catalyst NMS 6506 Switch Redundant PIX Firewall Distribution Router E3 via Satellite (Concert) E3 SMW3 (EMIX) STM1 via SMW3 (Singtel) E3 Satellite (Simplex) BPX 8680 Karachi ATM Switch 2xE3 (PDH) + 3xE1(SDH) 3xE3 (PDH) + 3xE1(SDH) 2xE3 Core Router Distribution Router Distribution Router Distribution Distribution Router Router NMS Redundant Existing Catalyst SUN E450 SUN E450 PIX Firewall 4003 Switch

20. Protocols

21. Traditional networks Services Services Transport & Access Advantage: Beneficial as a standalone systems and solutions Disadvantage: High operational cost Slow to deploy Different devices are required for different services

22. Traditional PSTN Voice networks Access n/w Access n/w Switches PSTN designed for POTS, basic copper wire line voice service

23. Traditional Data networks Frame Relay ATM IP Head Office Branch Office Virtual Connections Branch Office Branch Office Public Data Networks: Providing data/LAN Connectivity

24. Traditional Mobile networks OMC HLR MSC Fixed Network VLR BSC GMSC BTSs Public Land Mobile Network: Providing voice services to mobile and Fixed networks

25. Traditional Internet network Servers Internet: Data services exclusively, packet switched network with some other services

26. Complicated Legacy Traditional Network MSC2 MSC3 Slower deployment of new service High CAPEX MSC1 MSC4 MSC5 MSC6 MSC.. MSC8 MSC7 More complicated networking and construction High OPEX • Need more investment on sites and accessories • Need more staff for O&M • Need more transmissions for inter-connecting • Need more time for service deployment and O&M Too many sites!

27. 1990 1995 2000 2005 Future Simple Multi-service Multi-protocol Integration All in IP evolution Circuit switching-〉packet switching-〉All IP Future Trends

28. NGN Core Network DATA data data VOICE IP/MPLS Multi-Service Bearer VOICE VOICE ACCESS SERVICE PSTN GSM/CDMA Copper Optical VIDEO ACCESS SERVICE VIDEO Public Data network CATV ACCESS SERVICE Wireless Legacy Networks & NGN • NGN has a common IP core and provide nomadically accessible IP applications regardless of a specific access link or user device • Provide integrated services instead of limited service • Centralized management and simple network structure, reduce OPEX • OPEX Saving from reduction of transmission, room space, O&M center, etc. • Realize the fast and cost effective new service deployment. • • Pave the way to all-IP network • Legacy Networks were dedicated and isolated networks with service specific signaling and routing for service connection • Limited Broadband and Multimedia services • High OPEX • High Service cost • Long Service provision time • Inefficient O&M • Too many sites, too many types of nodes • Outdated and aged Exchanges

29. NGN Hierarchical Architecture Service/Application Layer Service Management Control Layer Network Control Transport Layer Core Switch Edge Access Media Access Layer

30. Policy Application RADIUS Location MRS SCP iOSS Server Server Server Server Soft Switch Soft Switch Packet Core Network IAD AMG SG TMG UMG UMG BroadBand PSTN PLMN/3G Access NGN Network Architecture Service Management Network Control Core Switching Edge Access

31. Intelligent Service Server Service Server SoftSwitch IP Core Signaling Module Switching Array SS7 Signaling Gateway CPU User Access Module Trunk Module Trunk Gateway Trunk Gateway User Access Gateway Trunk Gateway Contrast between PSTN and NGN