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Humans Try to Control Nature

Humans Try to Control Nature. Chapter 1 section 2. Warm-Up Vocab ( Use glossary or pgs. 18-23). Surplus Division of Labor Traditional economy Artisan. Early Advances in Art and Technology. Nomads- people who move from place to place

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Humans Try to Control Nature

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  1. Humans Try to Control Nature Chapter 1 section 2

  2. Warm-Up Vocab ( Use glossary or pgs. 18-23) Surplus Division of Labor Traditional economy Artisan

  3. Early Advances in Art and Technology • Nomads- people who move from place to place • Hunter-gathers- hunted animals and collected plant foods • Made spears • Digging sticks • Stone, bone, wood for tools

  4. Beginnings of Agriculture • Neolithic revolution-the discovery of agriculture • Shift from food gathering to food production • Rising worldwide temperatures • Rich supply of grain • farming • Steady source of food

  5. Beginnings of Agriculture • Slash-and-burn farming- cut down trees and burn them to clear fields • Ashes fertilize the fields • Plant crops for one or two years • Move to different field • Trees and grass grow repeat

  6. Domestication of Animals • Domestication- taming of animals • Horses, dogs, goats, pigs • Use to drive animals off a ravine • Jarmo- birthplace of agriculture • Zagros mountains “Iraq” • Wheat, barley, goats, pigs, sheep, horses

  7. Villages Grow and Prosper • Africa • Nile river • Grow wheat, barley • China • Huang River • Millet, wild rice • Mexico and Central America • Corn, beans squash

  8. Catal Huyuk 8000 years ago 5,000 to 6,000 people 1000 dwellings Raised sheep and cattle Highly skilled workers Flood, fire, drought, disease could destroy a village

  9. Civilization Case Study: Ur in Sumer Chapter 1 Section 3

  10. Key Terms • Civilization • Specialization • Artisan • Institution • Scribe • Cuneiform • Bronze Age • Barter • Ziggurat

  11. Villages Grow into Cities • Economic changes • Irrigation systems for more crops • Food surplus • Develop other skills • Wheel and sail invented • Trade developed

  12. Division of Labor What do you think Division of Labor mean?

  13. How Cities Develop Characteristics of Cities. • 1-specialized workers • 2-complex institutions • 3-record keeping • 4-advanced technology

  14. Advanced Cities • Birthplace of first civilizations • Center of trade for larger area • Depend on trade • Produced goods for exchange

  15. Villages Grow into Cities • What makes a city a city • High Populations - Diverse populations • More formal organization( i.e. parts of the city and defined center) • Centers of trade.

  16. Complex Institutions • Institution-a long lasting pattern of organization in a community • Organized government • Formed governments • Needed to establish laws • Collective organization • Religion • Temples • Priests • City belonged to the gods • Served as economic center

  17. Specialized Workers • Specialization- development of skills in a specific kind of work • Artisans- made good by hand (metal, tools, pottery) • Helped cities to become center of trade

  18. Social Class • Ancient civilization developed social orders based on wealth and power. • Rulers & Priest • Merchants and artisans • Farmers and Unskilled workers • Enslaved people.

  19. Record Keeping • Document taxes • Passage of law • Storage of grain • Keep track of calendars and rituals • Systems of writing

  20. Record Keeping • Scribes-professional record keepers • Cuneiform- meaning wedge shaped writing • Pictographs- symbols of writing • Used a sharpened reed • Baked tables in the sun • Beginning of written history (Sumer)

  21. Cultural Diffusion Good or Bad The spread of ideas, beliefs, customs, and technology from one culture to another. • Bad • Good

  22. Section Assessment • Complete Section Assessment on page. 23. Do question 2 & 3. • Turn in once you’re done.

  23. Improved Technology • Ox drawn plows • Irrigation systems • Pottery wheel • Jugs, plates, bowls • 2500 BC metal workers • Melt tin and bronze • Made spearheads • Bronze Age-using bronze instead of copper and stone

  24. Civilization Emerges in Ur • Ur- one of the earliest cities • 30,000 residents • Agricultural • Large scale irrigation • Food surpluses • Life in the City • One story box homes • Merchants and artisans

  25. Ur’s Thriving Trade • Merchants on broad avenues • Coins are not used • Trade pots of grain for a jug of wine • Barter-the trading of goods without using money

  26. The Temple: center of City Life • Ziggurat- pyramid shaped monument means “mountain of god” • 100 steps to top • Priests conduct rituals • Sacrifice animals • Storage of grain, woven fabrics, gems • Believe in afterlife

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