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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

DIGESTIVE SYSTEM. Main Functions. Ingestion Secretion Mixing and movement Digestion Absorption Excretion Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients. 2 types of digestion: mechanical and chemical. Food beings in the mouth (oral cavity)

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DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

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  1. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

  2. Main Functions • Ingestion • Secretion • Mixing and movement • Digestion • Absorption • Excretion • Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients. • 2 types of digestion: mechanical and chemical.

  3. Food beings in the mouth (oral cavity) • Teeth:32, found along the anterior and lateral edges of the mouth • Tongue: on the inferior portion of the mouth, posterior and medial to the teeth. Small organ made of several pairs of muscled covered in thin, bumpy, skin-like layer and contains many papillae. Also pushes food to posterior part of mouth for swallowing. • Pharynx (throat):connected to the posterior end of the mouth. Responsible for passing chewed food from the mouth to esophagus. Also important in the repertory system. Contains a flap of tissue called the epiglottis. • 3 sets of salivary glands • Saliva moistens food and begins the digestion of carbohydrates. Also used to lubricate food as it passes through the mouth, pharynx, and esophagus.

  4. Esophagus: connects the pharynx to the stomach. Smooth muscles called the peristalsis provide the force that moves food through the esophagus toward the stomach. • Stomach: part of the upper gastrointestinal tract. A muscle sac located on the left side of the abdominal cavity, inferior to the diaphragm. About the size of 2 fists. Acts as a storage tank so a persons body has time to digest properly. Has hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes to continue digestion. Pepsin dissolves proteins into small polypeptide fragments. Also has chym-a mixture with an oatmeal-like consistency.

  5. Small intestine:1 inch diameter. Part of the lower gastrointestinal tract. Just inferior to stomach and occupies most of the space in the abdominal cavity. Where almost all digestive enzymes enter the intestine. Most chemical digestion and absorption is in the small intestine • Pancreas: 3 important functions. Producing hormones that regulate blood sugar levels. Producing enzymes that break carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids down. Produces sodium bicarbonate; a base that quickly neutralizes stomach acid and chyme enters the duodenum. • Liver: assists the pancreas in fat digestion. Produces bile. Roughly triangular accessory organ. To the right of the stomach. Weighs about 3llbs. 2nd largest organ in the body. • Gall bladder: small pouch like organ. Stores bile. • Large intestine: absorbs water as undigested material.

  6. Air from the nasal cavity is passed to to the pharynx then to the larynx. • Nervous system can influence activity in the digestive system • Cardiovascular system carries absorbed nutrients in the blood stream to all of the body cells.

  7. Fun Facts • The liver performs over 500 different functions. • An average human consumes over 500 kg of food a year. • More than 400 different bacteria's are harbored in a typical persons colon. • The food remains in a persons stomach for 2-3 hours before moving on into the small intestines. • 1-3 pints of saliva is made each day.

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