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Fracking

Fracking. FSEM Group 4. Benefits. •Creates more jobs in many parts of the country, such as Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, and New York •Tens of thousands of jobs have already been created, and there is still room for growth •Helps the US become more dependent on its domestic energy.

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Fracking

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  1. Fracking FSEM Group 4

  2. Benefits •Creates more jobs in many parts of the country, such as Pennsylvania, West Virginia, Ohio, and New York •Tens of thousands of jobs have already been created, and there is still room for growth •Helps the US become more dependent on its domestic energy

  3. Benefits •Fracking makes it easier to extract gas from the shale deposits •It also makes it cheaper to extract gas •This allows for the energy to be bought and used at cheaper prices •Americans will pay less for their energy and families can heat their home more cheaply

  4. Benefits •Allows us to use more natural gas and less coal and oil •Emits half of the emissions that CO2 emits with coal and oil •Gets rid of much of the harmful pollutants that come from coal such as sulfur dioxide, mercury, and radioactive emissions

  5. Disadvantages (1) Use of unsafe chemicals • Gas-drilling companies are not required by law to disclose the kinds of chemicals they use • "Cheney Loophole" • Studies have shown that of these harmful chemicals, 25% can cause cancer, 40-50% can disrupt the nervous and endocrine systems, and more than 75% can affect sensory organs and the respiratory system

  6. (2) Water Pollution • from leaks, blowouts, illegal dumping • aquifer/groundwater contamination (i.e. Pavillion, WY) • wastewater contains natural contaminants (salts, barium, strontium, NORM, benzene, toulene) • disposal is an issue; specialized treatment needed

  7. (3) Air Pollution • generators & compressors + trucking in/out equipment & materials releases emissions • hazardous air pollutants: methanol, formaldehyde, carbon disulfide, VOCs* (4) Earthquakes

  8. 5) Environmental Hazards • spillage can endanger surrounding habitats/wildlife i.e. Drimock, PA -- wetland, fishkill • habitat degradation (6) Freshwater Scarcity • Colorado Oil and Gas Association est. 6.5 trillion gallons of water will be used in 2012 • commoditization of water • agriculture > fracking

  9. Economic Feasibility  How much does it cost to get at this stuff? A study, conducted by the University of Pittsburgh in 2011, found that gas obtained from wells that use hydraulic fracturing costs approximately 90 percent more than gas from more traditional wells. Other industry analysts simply state that the cost from these “unconventional” sources will add a dollar or two per MMBtu to production costs. The Pitt study found that the average cost of developing a well that utilized hydraulic fracturing was approximately $7.6 million in direct costs (others place that cost as high as $10.5 million per well)—as compared with $4 to $5 million for more traditional wells.

  10. cost of drilling a gas well • Area • Depth of formation • Local taxes and restrictions • The availability and price of fresh water • Fracsand

  11. 1. Infrastructures -- Acquiring land -- Installing a pipeline distribution system -- Build gathering stations -- Compressor stations -- Other infrastructures 2. Signing bonuses and royalties -- signing bonuses fluctuates from location to location -- Special Use Permits (SUPs)

  12. -- the industry offers a 25% royalty to the landowner(s). 3. Unanticipated costs -- well blows out -- spills -- pipe casing fails -- pipeline rupture -- expiry date of wells

  13. Some points to consider • Not all Gas is created Equal • In for a Penny, in for a Pound • I’ll Gladly Pay you Tuesday for a Hamburger Today • The Gas Bubble • Renewables

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