Chapter 6 Changes in Southeast Asia

1. Sub-Theme 3 Change and Development of Japan and Southeast Asia Chapter 6 Changes in Southeast Asia Major Patterns of Independence Movements in Southeast Asia

2. Year • Event • 1946 • Independence of Philippines • 1948 • Independence of Burma • 1950 • Independence of Indonesia • 1953 • Independence of Laos and Cambodia • 1954 • Independence of Vietnam • 1957 • Independence of Malaya • 1965 • Independence of Singapore • 1984 • Independence of Brunei Major Patterns of Independence Movements in SE Asia Time Track

3. In the end of 1944, Japan revealed the plan for Indonesia independence In August 1945, Sukarno proclaimed the establishment of the independent Republic of Indonesia The Dutch wanted to restore their rule. Severe fightings broke out Major Patterns of Independence Movements in SE Asia Military Confrontations • Indonesia: In September 1948, the communists organized a major revolt

4. In September 1948, the communists organized a major revolt Two ‘Police Actions’ were launched In August 1949, the Dutch agreed to give up control of Indonesia at Hague Conference Major Patterns of Independence Movements in SE Asia Military Confrontations • Indonesia: In 1950, the Republic of Indonesia declared full independence, Sukarno became the president

5. In 1941, Viet Minh was formed In 1945, the Democratic Republic of Vietnam was founded France attempted to restore the colonial rule after the Second World War Major Patterns of Independence Movements in SE Asia Military Confrontations • Vietnam: In 1946-54, the First Indochina War

6. In 1946-54, the First Indochina War In 1954, France was defeated at the Battle of Dien Bien Phu, the Geneva Conference was held Vietnam was separated into the North and the South during the Geneva Conference in 1954 Major Patterns of Independence Movements in SE Asia Military Confrontations • Vietnam: North Vietnam was ruled by the Communist Party led by Ho Chi Minh South Vietnam was ruled by Ngo Dinh Diem

7. The Japanese worked with many nationalist leaders(e.g.Aung San) during the Second World War In 1945, the Allied Forces took control of Burma The British established a military administration and charged Aung San with treason Major Patterns of Independence Movements in SE Asia Political Negotiations • Burma: The actions angered Burmese

8. The actions angered Burmese The British realized that Burmese nationalism was so strong and colonial rule had to come to an end In 1947, a constitutional assembly was established in Burma Major Patterns of Independence Movements in SE Asia Political Negotiations • Burma: In 1948, Burma was declared a republic

9. In 1946, the United Malays National Organization was founded and rose as a significant nationalist leader In 1948, Britain proposed the establishment of the Federation of Malaya. It guaranteed the privileges to the Malays In 1952, an alliance formed by the UNMO and the Malayan Chinese Association won a substantial victory in the election Major Patterns of Independence Movements in SE Asia Political Negotiations • Malaya: The Malayan Indian Congress joined the alliance and formed the National Alliance

10. In 1952, an alliance formed by the UNMO and the Malayan Chinese Association won a substantial victory in the election The Malayan Indian Congress joined the alliance and formed the National Alliance In 1955, the National Alliance won most of the seats in the election. Tunku Abdul Rahman requested complete independence Major Patterns of Independence Movements in SE Asia Political Negotiations • Malaya: In 1957, Malaya declared independence

11. In 1898, the Philippines was annexed by the US. The US promised the independence of Filipinos in future In 1935, the Philippines Commonwealth was formed. It was a substantial step towards self-government Although the Americans still retained economic control, they agreed to give the Philippines full independence after a 10-year interim period Major Patterns of Independence Movements in SE Asia Foreign Interference • Philippines: In 1946, full independence was granted to the Philippines

12. The End